Lim Goh Tong Essay Example for Free

Lim Goh Tong EssaySuccessful affair are ofter managed by what type of leaders? Successful business are ofter managed by leaders who know how to mobilize their human resources (HR) to produce better products and service compared to their competitors. b) How can a change of expectation can be the pre-requisite step for structure and existing entrepreneurs to stay in the business?A change of mindset can be the pre-requisite step for building and existing entrepreneurs to stay in the business because it having a positive mindset and to step up efforts to deal with constant changes and ch entirelyenges in a highly competities market place. c) What are the key factors to be considered in the exercise? The key factors to be considered in the exercise are entrepreneur must be smart and unrecorded in mobilizing any its resources, including HR to move towards common goals and to deal with challenges that affect the business.It requires the creation the creation of a more robust and friendship business market-gardening with passel that deeply understand the business environment. d) What are the key factors to be considered in the exercise? The key factors to be considered in the exercise are considering knowledge as a factor that can make a distint difference and identifying emerging key and new method of conducting business and making it more agonistic. e) What the factors to get to entrepreneurial success to sharpen a companys competitive adge?The factors to achieve entrepreneurial success to sharpen a companys competitive adge depends on the ability to attract, retain and develop competent people continuously. f) Why is having leadership ability is important? Having leadership ability is important because it stand in good stead for the entrepreneur to help worker in problem-solving as well as to provide guidance on the right work ethics and maximize the employee performance. g) How to be a successful entrepreneur? To be a successful entrepreneur , one should have the ability to plan, arrange and control the business in every aspect. .Based on your understanding, give one example of successful entrepreneur in Malaysia. That constributes a lot in Malaysia economy. Give the capacity of his (her) product/service. Lim Goh Tong is classic story of a rag-to-riches story. He migrated from China mainland in his youth. And as fate would have it, the two later became friends when he was on his focal point to build Genting. From the day he was born until his death, Lim Goh Tong did non speak English, he only communicated in Chinese and Malay language.But his language barrier did not prevent him from negotiating one of the largest contracts around. Financial. His strength could be seen from his early age involved in petty trade. He always keeps some of his revenue enhancement for future employ and increases his capital. 2. Intellectual . Lim Goh Tong always did a survey and made a feasibility study whether to project to be taken really p roduce profit or loss. He will not close the deals unless money back guaranteed. 3. Location .Choice of location is gave him ahead of others. Genting Resort was built to encourage local people to enjoy breezy environment near Kuala Lumpur. 4. Diversification on Product Offered. Genting Group has diversified from its initial hotel and resort activities to plantations, properties, paper manufacturing, power generation, oil and gas, electronic commerce and information technology ripening under Genting Group. 5. Government Rule and Regulation. Genting was extremely advantage after government announced in October 2002 to restrict development of highlands.It will create no competition for Genting Group on their resort business. 6. Product Diversification . Lim Goh Tong knows to play his card. He is not dependent on his gambling casino business. He has Conglomerate Company dealing in Star Cruise, Property Development, Education, Construction, Oil and Gas, Investment, Plantation, Independ ent Power Industry and Hospitality. He has well diversified revenue and will not worry on economic trend if collapse in certain industry. 6. Favorable access to distribution net works.Lim Goh Tong relationship with all the Prime Minister of Malaysia make his job easy. He received a pioneer status from Tun Abdul Razak on his Genting business. In 1976 the status was extended another family by Tun Hussin Onn through Tan Sri Mohd Noah who is in-law to Razak and Hussin Onn. 7. Market Trend. Lim Goh Tong always follow the trend from his early involvement in construction industry. After WW2 he bought all unused heavy machinery and reconditioned it before it was sold to tin miner and rubber Estate Company for their rehabilitation work.

Chronically Mentally III Population Essay Example for Free

inveterate cordially III Population EssayThe principal(prenominal) focus of present and federal policies lies on the provide of support and long-term take services to the individuals with signifi commodet disabilities or those who are very old. These individuals, almost integrity and a half million, are taken care of in the nursing homes and Medicaid covers almost half of the total cost charged by nursing homes for their institutionalization (Tallon, 2007). maculation the total population of this special group of individuals only accounted for only 7 percent of the total population supported by Medicaid, it became expensive for Medicaid to support them as they accounted for almost half of the total expenditure of Medicaid. Policy makers thitherfore focus on changing the predominant service locus to community and home found from nursing homes (Diamond, 2009). Deinstitutionalization of individuals suffering from inveterate mentally ill differs depending on the objectives a nd policies adopted from time to time.However, the interventions used to deinstitutionalize chronically mentally ill patients tend to share some lessons and parallels. History of chronically mentally ill population As state objectives and policies change over time, the storey of the chronically mentally ill population in the United States has experienced significant transitions. Initial interventions, as from 1955 to 1980, policies and objectives were aimed at moving the chronically mentally ill individuals from the public mental hospitals owned by the state (Tallon, 2007).As a result of these efforts, the population of individuals residing in public mental health facilities reduced to 154,000 from 159,000 (Tallon, 2007). Later, there were approaches aimed at expanding and improving an array of services as well as supportive measures for chronically mentally ill in the community. on that point was massive closure of whole institutions which resulted to an increased emphasis on the rights which secured desegregation of the community. The rights that were emphasized included the right to have equitable access to housing (Bailey, 1999).States could fund small pilot programs since the community for those individuals who positively responded to antipsychotic agents which begun to be available. Thereafter, the field deinstitutionalization movement officially got launched through the programs for community mental health centers in 1965 (Tallon, 2009). Concerns over institutional conditions and the rights of citizens propelled further the need for the movement. The courts then limited the number of involuntary institutions and set minimum standards that were critical for institutional care (Diamond, 2009).The shift by states between sites of institutional care was fuelled by federal policy. The Commission on rational Health Centers Construction (CMHC) program was intensively expanded in 1970s (Tallon, 2009). The coverage for Medicare and Medicaid was wide an d it included mental healthcare services. Income support was mainly provided by the SSI (Supplement Security Income) program as well as the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) (Tallon, 2009). The psychiatrist beds in community care increased in number after federal Medicaid provided sufficient funds as incentives.This saw the state moving individuals to the nursing home thus capturing the reimbursement from Medicaid which was not easy to mystify in mental hospitals of the states. In general, the overall progress of institutionalizing became immensely slow as the resources that were critical for community care. Until 1993, there were relatively fewer mental health dollars controlled by the state which served to assist in community care programs other than other state institution (Tallon, 2009).Although promising models of successful community care were provided and experimented, these models were seldom evaluated with rigor. They were too rarely integrated into the standard models (Tallon, 2009). The Nature of Chronically Mentally Ill Chronically mentally ill individuals suffer from bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, recurrent and lop depression as well as other several conditions which worsen their quality of living. A number of mental illnesses exist where some of them include schizophrenia, depression, lunacy and bi-polar disorder (Szwabo, 2007).Individuals suffering from chronically mentally illnesses may present signs such as mental disturbances but these presentations vary depending on the type of disorder and age. Chronic mental illness produces major impairments in human functioning for a long period of time which normally covers the entire life span of an individual. For the chronically mentally ill individuals to get attention from the society, they require to negotiate with policy makers about a bureaucratic maze (Szwabo, 2007).A very ugly history about the chronically mentally ill patients exists where individuals used to be locked up and then forgotten. Today, there has been an emergence of state of the art hospitals, thanks to the historical forces (Bailey, 1999). The chronically mentally ill however, have been reported to face serious problems including incarcerations in the system of the deplorable justice. This indicates how history is repeating itself and moving back to the pre-asylum ages when chronically mentally used to be locked in almshouses (Szwabo, 2007).However, the shift in the locus and pattern of mental healthcare that arise from the deinstitutionalization forces have all resulted in the missing marry between the problem definition and modern efforts used to address the problem (Diamond, 2009). There also seems to be a neglect of consensus on the clear cicatrice lines which best define the chronically mentally ill individuals. There are no clear boundaries which can serve as a scientific guideline for national policy making process.Todays approaches of treatment of the chronically mentally ill h ave incorporated trans-institutionalization, increased support from the family and the shunting into the system of criminal system (Szwabo, 2007). It is apparent that this special population seriously requires socialization, in-patient care and shelter. Common Clinical Issues and Interventions in the management of chronically mentally ill individuals Care provision to the chronically mentally ill needs adequate planning, trained and committed healthcare providers from both clinical and social capacities and financing programming.There are some issues which need to be resolved in order to tackle challenges facing effective management of chronically mentally ill patients. Some of these issues are space-reflection symmetry for mental healthcare services, availability of mental healthcare provider, care planning and broader case management coverage, education and training in mental health, and warehousing of the patients (Szwabo, 2007). miss of parity continues to be an issue in the provision of healthcare among mental healthcare providers.This is due to the low amount of reimbursement made to social and nursing work. There is an intense lobby for social workers and advanced nurses to be reimbursed differently. There is also an inadequacy for the provision mental healthcare services. For instance, the reimbursement for the psychotropic which is an essential part of chronically medically ill is still inadequate (Szwabo, 2007). There is need to provide medical treatments apart from the psychiatric treatment interventions.However, major problems such as lack of adequate geriatrics to address the rising population of the aged have always been a weakness to the management of chronically mentally ill patients. It is also observed that attending to chronically mentally ill patients in nursing homes require access to suitable mental healthcare amenities. Unfortunately in some situations, access to living facilities, programs, trained staff and oversight becomes diffic ult to afford. Education and training for mental healthcare professions is inadequate as they lack facilities for long-term care (Bailey, 1999).It then appears that most managed care programs for chronically mentally ill patients are poorly managed, designed and therefore do not offer the required standards. The traditionalistic mental healthcare systems only focus on reducing the costs of operation while failing to address the important element of patient care. In a capitated mental healthcare, the systems prompt physicians and other caregivers to limit medications to the least minimum in an effort to only manage overt symptoms. The practice literally condemns chronically mentally ill patient to medical starvation doses (Bailey, 1999).Summary and Future Considerations While the incidences of chronically mentally illnesses have increased and their prevalence well documented, there are still problems related to the use and access of general medical care. For effective management of chronically mentally illness in the future, there should be proper education for the healthcare providers about the condition. Service planning, outreach and assessment are also important elements in improving the way the condition is being managed.Mental healthcare providers should perform good service delivery monitoring and advocacy. In case of limitations of healthcare providers, psychiatric nurses can take the roles of consultation and supervision. The nurse can also execute roles as a nurse practitioner and deliver services in primary care. In the society, members of the family having an individual suffering from the condition should not neglect him or her. Instead, they should care for and encourage the patients.

O. Henrys Surprise Endings

O. Henrys Surprise EndingsA foot would have to be his surprise endings of O.Henry. He uses this in a large amount of his stories. Many adults who read O.Henrys works are eagerly waiting for a surprise ending. (Rollins 155) O.Henrys works basically all contain a surprise ending. They lead you on it the beginning with a thought that ever soything is going according to plan. He lets the reader think that they have it figured out by we dont. He has something waiting for us at the end of the book. Something that would seem like it came out of no where. Hyder E. Rollins said The conclusion is an enigma.(155) He has the reader under suspense until the last sentence. This is shown in O.Henrys story The Gift of the Magi. Where a husband sells his watch to sully his wife some combs she worshiped, and the wife cut and sold her hair to buy her husband a chain for his watch. This was such a surprise because you never expected this in the beginning. Also O.Henry had an idea that life is a surp rise that the unannounced continually happens. (157) Rollins spoke about O.Henry saying that He is then, a pure romanticist who strives earnestly for realistic effects. (157) A romanticist is a person who acts on impulse. They hate conformity they dislike following the rules. They prefer to make there own rules, and they are also in touch with nature. They love the outdoors. Rollins is saying that O.Henry is a romanticist because of his idea. His idea about how life happens unexpectedly. Its spontaneous so therefore you never know what kind of turn your life will take angiotensin-converting enzyme for the better or worse. Eugene Current-Garcia said that the most obvious technical manifestation of O.Henrys delight in the unexpected is in his famous surprise endings.(Current-Garcia 137) O.Henrys sort of apply these surprise ending really played a big part in most of his stories.Another theme would of O.Henrys his most commonly used theme when he reverses everything on you. This me ans when he gives you a story and as soon as you think you have it figured out he changes it completely. He lets you think you know what kind of person the main character is while he has a plan to complete make that person plan a completely different role. Its not like surprise ending, only more like a reversal of the character completely from the way they act to the way they dress, talk, and walk. O.Henry liked to leave the reader guessing not only on the ending, but on what the characters would do next. For example in The Princess and the Puma the princess is portrayed in the beginning of the book as a princess one who lives highly. While she is really a pistol wearing, roping, riding cowgirl who has to fight off a mountain lion when she is suppose to be rescued.Technique was something that O.Henry was good at using. He used many different techniques and different styles in his writing one of the techniques his like using was local color. O.Henrys writings take the speech patter ns and rhythms of the common folk and adds vivacity, variety, and interest of his stories said Eugene Current-Garcia. (Current-Garcia 142) He came directly from a randomnessern background being innate(p) in North Carolina. The cultural tradition he inherited brought out a deep influence on his literary career. About thirty of his stories were displace in the old south setting or had to do with activities and attitudes of southern characters. When he writes he puts out a realistic dialogue from his childhood, his own history, and outset hand observations of the various classes of plenty he knew and lived with.(Current-Garcia 12) O.Henry was born in the south so most of his stories talk about the lifestyles of the people in the south. His characters models are people who were around O.Henry. His narrative methods came from him dealing with Texas outlaws also from his childhood in the south. (Current-Garcia 4) There is a story where he talks about life with the outlaws in Texas. Th at is because he was there and witnessed it first hand. So he takes them and puts them into his story so that they can become major characters based on the way they were around him. O.Henry moved from the south to Texas and was later(prenominal) in jail all of these things were reason that were put into his stories. Since he was in jail some of his characters are based on people he met in jail or some of them are based on how the jail life was. In 1894 cash was found to have gone lacking from the First National Bank in Austin, where Porter had worked as a bank teller. When he was called back to Austin to stand trial, Porter fled to Honduras to avoid trial. petite is known about Porters stay in Central America. It is said, that he met one Al Jennings, and rambled in South America and Mexico on the proceeds of Jenningss robbery. After audience news that his wife was dying, he returned in 1897 to Austin. In 1897 he was convicted of embezzling money, although there has been much deb ate over his actual guilt. Porter entered in 1898 a punitive at Columbus, Ohio. All of this things helped O.Henry by being in his local color. They each played a significant part in his life and in his stories. O.Henry all wrote like a humorist like A.B. Longstreet and J.J. Hooper or he wrote with local color. Both ways you can tell that the characters had southern attitudes, manners, and speech. (Current-Garcia 4)Another technique would be O.Henrys ability to use allusions. An example of O.Henrys artistry with words can be seen in his many literary allusions, especially toward Shakespearean plays and the ancient classics. (Current-Garcia 146) O.Henrys The Poet and the Peasant, puts together a lot of literary devices. The story starts off first person narrative and follows a detailed description. At each turn of the story the irony gets advance complicating. (Current-Garcia 152-153) This is just one example of how O.Henry uses many different literary devices. A writer said that i n the many allusions to Shakespeare found in O.Henrys stories how shows a inclination to word-play or to an unexpected turn similar to that manifest of the mends of his stories.(Current-Garcia 146)The light touch of O.Henry his mastery of the vernacular, his insight into the life of the disinherited, makes it needless for him to resort to such inventions.(Forman 152) When O.Henry writes he has a touch that is unbelievable the way he makes everything fall together. Each line is unique in a way because he writes like he talks, but in some cases he is able to use academic terms in his writings. He just builds up a picture for us. Forman said The salty and picturesque phrasing, the dash of the slang. The genial and winning fancy seems to carry the most fantastic situations.(Forman 152) This quote describes exactly what I mean he is able to create a picture for us. His stories have the harmony of tone so essential to the short story writer, said Rollins. (Rollins 158) Even though O.H enrys ridiculous use of ripe slang, he still is a master of felicitous expressions and strange verbal flavors. (Current-Garcia 136) O.Henry had a maltreatment of words.O.Henrys stories were either based in Texas or in mod York City. Both of these places he spent a significant amount of time in during his life. He was in Texas working in a drug story. therefore he was put into jail and some how found his way to upstart York City. These places made the setting of his stories simple and easy because every one has heard of New York City. While in prison O. Henry started to write short stories to earn money to support his daughter Margaret. His first work, Whistling Dicks Christmas Stocking (1899), appeared in McClures Magazine. After doing cardinal years of the five years sentence, Porter emerged from the prison in 1901 and changed his name to O. Henry. He moved to New York City in 1902 and from December 1903 to January 1906 he wrote a story a week for the New York World, also publ ishing in other magazines. Henrys first collection, Cabbages and Kings appeared in 1904. The second, The Four Million, was published two years later and included his well-known stories The Gift of the Magi and The Furnished Room. The Trimmed Lamp (1907) included The Last Leaf.After his death in 1920s his rep dwindled and critics wonder how he was ever taken seriously new fiction gained much more respect in 20s and 30s went against moral standards, taboos and conventions of older generation nd reliance on plot structure. Critics consider all of O.Henry work jokes because he was humorous and he used slang he didnt take it seriously. While other said it is fair to analyse him woth anybody. He was just amazing like Henry James Forman said No talent could be more original or more delightful. The gang of technical excellence with whimsical,sparkling wit, abundant humor and fertile invention is so rae that the reader is content without comparisons. This is true on many levels about O.Hen ry the way in which he wrote so many stories was amazing. Towards the end of his life things started to fall out. O. Henrys last years were shadowed by alcoholism, ill health, and financial problems. He married Sara Lindsay Coleman in 1907, but the marriage was not happy, and they separated a year later. O. Henry died of cirrhosis of the liver on June 5, 1910, in New York.

Analysis of CAN Architecture

Analysis of discharge ArchitectureIn 2016 there were 261.8 gazillion motorcars registered as they atomic number 18 a pivotal part of the economy and peoples allday lives. Cars were once all mechanically made with carburetors but after development of technologies cars are now running off of fuel injection. The difference between the two is that a carburetor controls fuel flow with mechanical bits that allow a trusted amount of fuel to mix with air to go to the cylinders and fuel injectors use a pressurized rail system controlled by a computer with carious camshaft and crankshaft sensors.In the 1980s cars started using computers called the Engine Control Unit( ECUs), which control basic main engine functions such as airflow, fuel and spark. There are ECUs in every car on the road today because with a computer and a set of sensors, the ECU piece of ass dynamically tune the car live, increasing performance and ponderous emissions. Cars do this with various sensors including Mass Airflow Sensors, temperature sensors, O2 sensors pre and post catalytic converter. The problematic issue arises from the fact that we went from computerizing basic voices to computerizing everything. To understand the issue, look at the diagram below to go over some of the things that a typical ECU has control over.Further increasing risk, cars now come with embedded GPS and cellular chipsets connecting the car to the outside world. With everything inter affiliated, it would not be hard for a hack to gain access to the whole system through one point in in the system.The way these components send is through the butt bus. The CAN bus is a actually bad system when it comes to security because everything is broadcasted on the CAN, requested or not. This is so when a component needs information from another, it doesnt not need to request it, it is always broadcasting so its efficient. Can you guess why thats a security issue?I will now analyze the CAN architecture explaining its de sign flaws. The CAN protocol was developed because before it was released, every computer component had to be connected with wires to each other, but with CAN bus, everything connected to that central bus and it reduced the wiring complexity saving weight and money. Another reason for its development was for emissions control, and because selective information is always broadcasted on the CAN bus, the car can dynamically adjust fuel/air ratios to get the cleanest burn with the least emissions. The CAN bus is really good at what it is designed for, but it was never designed for security. The main security flaws that need to be addressed set-back are unencrypted traffic on the bus, lack of decoupling and segmentation and no authentication of devices. The major security flaw is the lack of encryption, but it was designed purposely like this. It was meant to be lightweight and encrypting information would go against that, especially in the 80s when computing power was very slow. Today this is a critical flaw because the data can be sniffed. This would allow the hacker to sniff data packets, modify the CAN message and inject it back into the system. Another major flaw is the lack of decoupling and segmenting the CAN network. Since everything in the bus os connected to each other, it is possible to gain access to the whole system through something like the infotainment system. This could be devastating because new cars have electronic driven steering and ECU controlled stop. The last main flaw is that the CAN interface has no authentication method for attached devices, meaning that a hacker can spoof messages and other parts of the ECU will react. For instance, if a hacker can spoof and broadcast a brake signal on the CAN bus, the brakes will activate without the drivers knowledge.These are just some of the concerns I came across during my analysis, but has anyone exploited the CAN bus yet? The answer is yes and its been done denary times by various research gr oups.In 2010 researchers from the Center for Automotive Embedded Systems security measures published a paper entitled Experimental Security Analysis of a Modern Automobile. They exploited vulnerabilities and discovered that it was possible to change a vehicles functions by injecting spoofed commands onto the CAN bus. They showed that an attacker could disable the brakes, the engine, and change the speedometer value (Koscher et al., 2010).This research was dismissed by many because its very unlikely that someone would have a wired connection to the CAN bus. The team responded with a obey up analysis in 2011 with the diagram below. The electric bolts represent possible points of entry into the CAN bus system. Then put emphasis on Telematics as those are ways to gain access wirelessly, dismissing the media and auto shoprs claims that a connection isnt possible to a car without a wire.more recently in 2015, Charlie Miller successfully exploited a Jeep Cherokee remotely and injected sp oofed CAN commands, without making any physical contact with the car. This was groundbreaking as it showed cars could be hacked from anywhere with an internet connection. This was the first time an automaker had to take action, as the Fiat Chrysler Automotive group had to recall more than 1.3 million vehicles. Essentially what Miller did was that he exploited the vehicles infotainment system which governs media and cellular functions of the car. The cellular functions is what caught Millers attention because it gave him a remote way into the car. From there he discovered that the communications system had a microcontroller connected to the CAN bus This was his point of entry, using this door he got access to everything connected to the CAN bus, which we now know controls the entire car since everything in computerized. To access the car though, Miller had to exploit the vehicles cellular microcontroller, which was supplied by sprint. All he had to do was port scan and find an open s ervice port. According to sprint dead after they patched this bug, any sprint device capable of 3g had access to this service port. Normally this port is entirely internal, but sprint did not make its scope private. Because of this bug, he used a 3G sprint device connected to his laptop to remotely gain access to the microcontroller and then the CAN bus. Just as we discussed in class, there is no perfect system and there is no single security solution. The recommended solution, although it might take a while to implement, would have to be encrypted data transmission, hardware backed or not Device authorization protocols so outside devices cant spoof CAN bus commands And decoupling/segmentation of the CAN bus network. As professor Kathleen Fisher said, the CAN bus is hopelessly insecure. it was developed decades before cars were connected to the Internet and lacks features to block malware programs or reject commands from unlicensed intruders.

Portrayal Of Women In Advertisements Media Essay

Portrayal Of Women In Advertisements Media EssayThis member was written by Jacob M. Duker and Lewis R.Tucker, Jr. in 1977. In this term the discussion is based on the portrayal of women in advertising. The article basic exclusivelyy says that the negative stupor of women through advertisement showing them as housewives or wind up objects cause become a major source of concern for the women. The National Organization of Women (NOW) complained in 1971 that the women were still visualised as domestic adjuncts, demeaned housekeepers, parasitical on men, submissive, hinge upon objects and unintelligent.According to the article the research that was conducted by Courtney and Lockeretz, call forthton and haberman on advertisements and scar advertisements concluded on the none that women were not depicted accurately significance that the advertisements do no show the actual usance occupied by women in a Society and the image of women reflected in ads is quite narrow. Now just now the professionalportions of enkindle-object role portrayals present decreased significantly whereas the early(a)s have not. However the role of women in advertisements has improved quite a lot since the old times as they argon not envisioned as the stereotyped women as they were visualised before. besides still the fact is that to a greater extent advertisements be made on women organism as sex objects, or house wives. As the hypothesis statement of this article states that there is no difference in the perception of advertisements portraying women in the role of mother, sex objects, housewife, or glamour girl between womanish subjects who show strong and those who show weak orientations toward the womens liberation movement.In order to rationalize this kin quantitative research was conducted in which College students were use exclusively because they are the ones who are or so likely to adopt current popular opinion towards both(prenominal) womens lib and sex ro le portrayal in advertisements. Moreover it relies on the use of actual advertisements. Ads were pretested to insure that they did reflect the identified feminist issues. The pretests involved discussion of the ads with 30 female under-graduates to identify ads whose literal (as opposed to symbolic) messages were understood and which did project the image of women respectively as mother, sex object, glamour girl, housewife, operative mother, modern woman, and professional, respectively. The following advertisements were chosen. 1. give feeding baby with a new disposable bottle (mother). 2. well-favoured female positioned by a line of cosmetics explicitly emphasizing sexiness (sex object). 3. Beautiful female being featured as a center of attention because of her beautiful hair, the result of using a well-known creme rinse (glamour girl). 4. Several housewives victorious part in a testimonial for a new pressure-type drain opener (housewife). 5. A cereal ad featuring a mother wit h a unripe daughter discussing the importance of pursuing a life story while being able to look unwrap for the welfare of the family (working mother). 6. Beautiful female positioned in a hair coloring ad as an self-sufficient individual free to pursue any(prenominal)thing without worry (modern woman). 7. Biographical profile of a female orchestra conductor indicating the pit of Scotch whiskey she preferred (professional). The advertisements was shown to 104 females between the ages of 18 and 21 who represented the student torso of a northeastern university. The sample is biased toward infantileer, educated individuals. culmination to the Results only for advertisement 2, which portrayed a female as a sex object, did they obtained chi square value of 4.122 begin to approach significance. For all other role representations, the chi square values reflecting differences among groups did not exceed 1.76. These findings are especially striking because they involve the reactions o f the both conceptually predetermined polar groups, the traditionalists and the pro feminists. Of further interest is the finding that the three groups of respondents showed no significant differences in both their positive and their negative reactions. The two polar groups both liked the portrayals in advertisements 2, 3, 4, and 7, both disliked the portrayals in advertisement 1, and groups were divided coitusly evenly toward those in advertisements 5 and 6. This study has established an all-important(prenominal) conclusion with regard to profeminism and its coitionship to reactions to roles for women (portrayal of women) in advertisements. We know now that having pro-feminist opinions does not change the roles being assigned to women in advertisements. So the dependent inconsistent in this article leave behind be perception of advertisements portraying women and the breakaway multivariate allow be strong and those who show weak orientations toward the womens liberation mo vement.Womens Role Portrayal Preferences in Advertisements An Empirical depicted objectThis hold is written by Lawrence H. Wortzel and John M. Frisbie in Oct, 1974. This article is based on the two published studies which did research on the role that women portrayal in print advertising. The Courtney and Lockeretz study concluded that the women are right on the part where they say that full views of their roles in a society are not shown. They are al instructions shown as housewives or some fashion object or the nigh common as sex objects. These roles do not define a women and role they play or have to play in a society. The other case study by Wagner and Banos indicates that there has been a large totality of improvement in showing womens role as a working member of a society. However they did not do much research on the effectiveness of the advertisement meaning that what mannikin of advertisement do women find more appealing or does the advertisement showing women in a work ing role make the fruit more better or desirable compared to the advertisements in which women were shown as sex or fashion object. in that respectfore this research has two hypothesis statements, one, when a women come out of the closets in an advertisement the desirability of the product advertised to women exposed to the ads exit be enhanced if that woman is portrayed in a career or neutral role, rather than a sex object, family, or fashion object role.Two, those women who most strongly agree with the tenets of women liberation Movement result most strongly consider a products desirability enhanced when a woman appearing in the ad is portrayed in a career or neutral role, rather than a sex object, family, or fashion object role.The traditional role of women was however not rejected. In this experiment, subjects were asked to design print ads by matching pictures of products with pictures of women. Two portfolios were prepared one consisting of pictures of products, the other containing pictures of women. The product portfolio consisted of pictures of three products in apiece of seven product categories small appliances, large appliances, womens dressing products, womens personal products, household products, foods, and mens grooming and personal products. The specific product categories were geted to provide diversity while remaining within the boundaries of plausibility each product kinsperson is one in which the picture of a woman in an advertisement would not be unexpected. Any product that consistently used advertising that portrayed a woman in a particular role was rejected to minimize possible bias due to conditioning. The portfolio of womens pictures consisted of five pictures depicting women in each of the five roles-neutral, family, career, sex object, and fashion object-for a total of 25 pictures in all. The two portfolios were presented to a convenience sample of 100 young (ages 21 to 35) women. charm the sample of young women was not dra wn randomly, e rattling effort was made to insure that a distrisolelyion of demographic characteristics would be achieved. The results indicated no consistent appreciation for specific female roles that always enhance product desirability and that cut across product categories. Coming to the result we must see that the women participating in this experiment appear to have chosen their preferred role-background on the basis of the specific product class with which they were con-fronted. For products that are usually used by households or families, the family role-back-ground was preferred. Preference for the family role-background was marginal for small appliances and strong for large appliances and food. For products that women use alone the neutral or career role-backgrounds were prefer-red, although the traditional fashion role was still get hold ofable. There is no product for which a sex-object role was considered the most enhancing role portrayal. After doing several research and experiment the article concludes by locution that women are and so very happy when they are portrayed as traditional homemaker, fashion or sex objects. Women did find their liberation in ad to be portrayed by a housewife role. The reason they prefer these role portrayals they chose could be that advertisement has contend a big part in making women accept the traditional role portrayals in ads in advertisements. So the dependent variable in this article will be desirability of the product and the independent variable will be exposed to the ads and woman portrayed in a career or neutral role.Amanda B. Bower (Autumn, 2001)Highly Attractive Model in ad and the Women who Loathe Them The implications of Negative Affect for Spokesperson EffectivenessThis Article is written by Amanda B. Bower in 2001. In this article the author tries to explain the wallop that good looking models in advertisements, have on the self esteem of the women. As we know that the use of Attractive Models in advertising has become very popular in the world today further the effect is yet to be measure. Some women may have negative effects by study themselves to the attractive model and may think less of themselves. The finding of the research was to find out that if the toweringly attractive images of women in advertising can transport and if they have a positive or negative impact on the women living in a society. The physical Attractiveness plays a very important role as women want to compare themselves with the images of perfection, flawlessness, skinniness and beauty depicted in advertising. Would the one comparing herself would have an effect on her self-esteem and have a negative effect on the spokes person effectiveness. The results of the study showed that the multitude who compared themselves to the spokes person actually had a negative reaction and the effectiveness of the spokes person was reduced. This tells us that that there although there may be negative relation between negative effect and spokesperson efficiency but still the negative relation has to be more high for model derogation to share place. The patterns suggest an interesting limited condition. For Methodology 38 undergraduates were chosen and were given 5 photos of models to select from who would look better using the t analysemill. The photos that were given were chosen from more than 100 photos of models from different magazines and none of them were from advertisements. While conducting the scratch study it was kept in theme that HAM would be the ones with who majority would like to compare themselves so to simplify the findings, a second study was performed. It was decided to take much(prenominal) a product that would emphasize more on the malleable part of womans physical appearance. This was done in order to see if the negative effect still existed when the body was not strongly emphasized on as it was done in the first case study. Regarding first study results strong evidence was shown that the comparers report relatively high levels of comparison with the model, whereas non-comparers report relatively low levels of comparison. Comparers had more negative feelings and found the models to be more attractive than the non-comparers. Results regarding Study 2 where One hundred football team women participated indicated that the mean beauty evaluation (10.88) was again at approximately the midpoint of the ordered series and was not significantly different from the HAM beauty in the first study. This suggests again that the subjects view the model as representing the average beautiful model presented in advertising. The purpose of this study was see whether the highly attractive models had an ability to behave and also if HAMs had an positive or negative effect on women. Results showed that more importance is given to Spokesperson expertise and evaluation of product in a advertisement in product evaluation and intentions. So the dependent variable i n this article will be self esteem and the independent variable will be advertising, and physical Attractiveness.Images of Women in Advertisements Effects on Attitudes Related to Sexual AggressionThis Article is written by Kyra Lanis and Katherine Covell in 1998. In this Article they have tried to make a point that portrayal of women by media can influence sexual attitudes and beliefs. As we all know that Advertising has a very strong power of persuading and manipulating. Bretl and Canto(1988) estimated and found out that a average american is exposed to over 37,000 advertisements each year. Certain Role Portrayals have been played by women in advertisements but match to this article very little attention has been given to the portrayal of sexuality of women in advertisements. So basically the purpose of this article and research is to see the effects of advertisements when women are presented in sexually provocative or a non-traditional manner. According to the article the stereo typic portrayal has an impact on attitudes of women as they become more conscious and have social anxiety meaning they start to believe that they have to be like the stereotypic women displayed in advertisements as the others might start judging them if they act differently. Secondly their desire and motivation to achieve anything becomes very low and their interest in governing participation decreases and this all because of the impact of stereotypic portrayed of women in advertisements.. For the experiment 90 participants were taken out of which 45 were males and the other 45 were females and they were all undergraduate students from university of Toronto. There were 2 studies on which participants had to participate. First study was to make own judgments about some advertisements and a second study in which they had to assist with the standardisation of a questionnaire being made by a researcher. The results showed that control advertisements were rated as more appealing than t he sex objects and progressive advertisements. The research further concludes by saying that although in some places women are also being depicted in wide range of social and occupational roles but there has been a large increase in the sexually exploitive use of women in advertisements. So the dependent variable in this article will be sexual attitudes and beliefs whereas the independent variable will be portrayal of women and advertising.A Longitudinal View of Womens Role Portrayal In boob tube AdvertisingThe Article has been written by Marjorie Caballero and Paul J. Solomon in 1984. In this article by Adrian Furnham and Nadine Bitar, growing awareness of womens role in society has been told meaning that women are now participating more in the labor force and that is changing the image of women and now people are again evaluating womens contribution in a society. This role of women also has had some(prenominal) criticisms and some revolve around the stereotypical sex-role portr ayal of women in the mass media. Here, the hypothesis of this article would be that the marketers and society have begun to accept the changing role of women.The article also tells that according to the findings Women were portrayed more in decorative roles and in the home compared to men. And even if they were shown doing work in advertisements, the jobs that they had in the advertisements were traditional female Occupations and there was rarely a time when women were portrayed as professionals or authorities. The image we assume of a women by watching advertisements are of a young beautiful girl found in her home or kitchen and whenever she has any problems she is looking for some male influence to solve her problems. She is a sex-object and her job is take care of the male. For the research a quantitative methodology was followed, total of 2095 and 1872 commercials were reviewed and analyzed in 1977 and 1980 respectively. The Commercials were analyzed according to the following v ariable which was channel, time of day, ad distribution, characters women appear with, age, product category, role played by women and voice over.According to report trends by Schneider and Schneider showed that the changing roles being shown in the advertisements are being accepted by the society. So the dependent variable in this article will be belief and the independent variable will be awareness.The Impact of Women in Advertisements on Attitudes Towards WomenThis article is written by Natalie J. MacKay and Katherine Covell in 1997. In this Article, a link is trying to be shown between images of women in advertisements and sexual attitudes. The continuous showing of these kind of advertisements undermine womens striving for equality. Media has played a huge part in our culture. According to the article the people really do have perception that sexual activity role and traits of men and women shown in advertisements is how they actually live in real world where men are shown as the one with the authority and the ones dominating on women whereas women are shown as the ones who only worry about their body image and are sex objects and are answerable to the men. According to the hypothesis that is males are most likely to be affected by advertisement type toward sexual aggression whereas females are not received partial support.According to Livingstone and Green all this portrayal advertisement is creating negative attitudes. The article further says that over the past 5 decades the portrayals in advertisement has changed. Earlier women were shown as objects of sexual gratification, house makers, spouses and mothers. But now as women have started to enter the workforce, the image of women have begun to transform. Now women have started becoming the main characters in advertisements where they are portrayed as working in market place and in progressive occupations and are shown as equal to their male counterparts. The positive change has changed the image of w omen of only being sex objects. But the opposing portrayals of women have started to confuse people about womens role in society because people still believed in the stereotyped women that were shown in anterior advertisements. For Methodology 46 female and 46 middle class undergraduate students were selected from rural University College. Only Print Advertisement had been used. Before starting the study one hundred fifty colored advertisements from different magazines were rated by a senior psychology class. Rating was based on general appeal and the extent to which they met the criteria of exemplifying sex image. divulge of the 150 advertisements there were 35 advertisements which were rated consistently as appealing and exemplifying sex image. These 35 advertisements were therefore shown to different undergraduate psychology class who did not take part in the main study. After there rating the final 20 advertisements were selected in which there was one set of 10 sex image an d one set of 10 progressive image. After this the study took place and each participant was tested individually. They had to rate the picture on scale of 5 on the basis of use of color, graphical design, amount of product information presented, spatial layout and most importantly general appeal rating. The results Showed that Progressive Advertisements were rated more appealing than the sex image advertisements.So we can conclude by saying that advertisements in which women have been shown in productive roles and are not shown as the typical stereotypical labels attached to them have been given unfavorable ratings. Perhaps it is because women are now being considered less feminine as they were shown earlier. So the dependent variable in this article will be attitudes and the independent variable will be portrayal advertisement.The Portrayal of Womens Images in Magazine Advertisements Goffmans Gender compend RevisitedThis Article has been written by Mee-Eun Kang in 1997. The purpose of this article was to show the changes in the image of women in magazine advertisements since Goffmans 1979 study. According to the findings indicated in the article the images of women seen in 1991 advertisements is pretty much the same compared to the images found in 1979 advertisements. But however change was found in the stereotypical portrayal of women. The magazine of 1991 showed more body display than those from 1979.The hypothesis of this study is as followsThe print advertisements in 1991 samples will show less frequent sex displays in terms of function ranking, ritualization of subordination, relative size, feminine touch, licensed withdrawal, body display, and independence (self-assertiveness) than those of 1979.According to gender behavior told by Goffman relationship, playing the instructing role and main telephonic conversations are no longitudinal shown in modern magazine advertisements. Moreover the article says that now the advertisements target more specific au diences. Other than that the Print Advertisement has almost remained the same but the huge change has been seen in the TV Advertisements and that is due to cultural alterations. The purpose of TV advertisements is to maximize demand of a product and using women in a sexist tone in advertisements has had more collective implications and according of Goffman if the media play their part correctly the people watching these advertisements are forced to believe that the way in which women are depicted in advertisements is indeed the way women live in reality. For methodology magazine advertisement was the unit of analysis. Print Advertisements were taken from 1979 and 1991 womens popular magazines. A Total of 504 magazine advertisements were selected for this study in which 252 were from 1979 magazine and the other 252 were from 1991 magazine. The forms of gender display that were measured while comparing these advertisements were Feminine Touch, Relative Size, manipulation Ranking, Bod y Display, Self Assertiveness, Ritualization of Subordination and Licensed Withdrawal. The results showed that the there was not much change in the extent of sexism in magazines and the hypothesis is unsupported. Therefore it is concluded by saying that the portrayal of women in advertisements has not changed much since 1979. Still the same stereotyped images of women are being shown in magazine. So the dependent variable in this article will be perception of audiences and the independent variable will be advertisement and cultural alteration.The Elastic Body Image The Effect of Television Advertising and Programming on Body ImageThis Article has been written by Myers, P.N., Biocca in 1992. In this article it has been told that the stereotypes of women shown in advertisements where women are being portrayed as being the sex object and the ones with perfect body has started creating so many problems for the young generations girls. The girls have actually been so demotivated and dist urbed by the stereotypes that they have started having eating disorders which has started to bring so many health issues for them. The hypothesis statement in this article is whether the i get off body shown in advertisements and print advertisements play a key role in making women believe that body size is not perfect?. Therefore the Independent Variable in this article will be Ideal Body Programming and Body Commercials which affect the females thinking towards their body images and mood.According to Downs and Harrison work, viewers receive 5260 attractiveness messages per year out of which 1850 messages deal directly with beauty. Two researches with sample size of 1000 and 446 were conducted towards the perceived body image. All the participants were mid or late teens. The results showed that body images were misperceived. The last part of experiment will be based on elastic body image referring to rickety self image. For that image following Hypothesis has been formedH1 Conflict will take place between internalized body ideal body and objective body shape because of exposure to body image advertising and programming. The conflict will lead to depression, self loathing, rejection and anxiety.For this a study took place where 76 college students in the age range of 15 to 24 took part to test the hypothesis. 120 advertisements were selected out of which 60 were BIC and the other 60 were NIC. The advertisement had to be rated for body image oriented ones and neutral image oriented ones. The advertisement which had highest scores in both category were selected and then video was made including the highest scoring commercials of both categorys and were watched by the subjects. The hypothesis was true to some amount because BIC did have a distorting effect but in way contradictory to the hypothesis.The mood change before and after the tapes were played were measured by The Multiple Affect Adjective Check contestation (MAACL). Body image distortion was measured t hrough a Body Image Detection Device (BIDD) was used to measure Body image distortion. The statistics were then used by the researchers to conclude the result on mood and body image through ANOVA and ANCOVA.Waltz,T. (November 24, 2004). The Effects of Magazines on the Self-Esteem and Portrayal of Stereotypes in TeenagersThe Article has been written by Waltz T. on November 24, 2004. The article basically says that the Stereotypes shown in magazine and the print advertisements shown have had a huge impact on the self confidence and representation of girls in the real world as they feel less of themselves now and have been demoralized and demotivated after seeing such Print advertisements. The independent variable will be the stereotypes depicted in the advertisements whereas the dependent variable will be self esteem and self image. The tidy sum conducted at Mason High School in November 2004 was done to see if Magazines had any positive or negative effect on both genders and whether they believed that the gender portrayed in magazine were realistic or not and also to see if according to them the stereotypes were being enforced in magazine. The Female survey showed that the most read magazine among girls ranging in age from 15 to 18 years was Seventeen with 50%, 47% read Cosmopolitan, 21% read YM and 21% read other magazines. 41% of the survey takers took the tips that are offered in the magazine and 35% of the women believed to have a positive change in their lives. Only 9% snarl that Seventeen, Cosmopolitan, YM and other magazines portrayed gender correctly whereas 79% felt stereotypes were being enforced by the variety of magazines. The Male surveys also had some interesting results. mount range was between 15 to 18. It was found out 31% of men that were surveyed read teenager magazines with maxim read by most at 23%, 4% read Esquire, 0% read Razor and 12% other magazines. Shockingly 19% of the males admitted that they read girl magazines. Only 8% men used the tips offered in the magazine. 19% of men had a positive change. 12% felt that gender was portrayed realistically and 50% believed that stereotypes were enforced in magazines. The author concludes by saying that magazines are the main reason for stereotypes having negative effects on teenagers nowadays and and giving them wrong version of the world and the people living in it. The article is related to the research as talks about the impact of print advertisements and how they have had effect on teenagers.Joellen W. Hawkins and Cynthia S. Aber(1993) Women in Advertisements in Medical JournalsThis Article has been written by Joellen W.Hawkins and Cynthia S. Aber in 1993. In this article it is written that according to studies conducted by Prather and Fidell there is more chance of women being in advertisements where they have to be pictured as needing psychoactive drugs, whereas there is more chance that men are depicted in advertisements for non-psychoactive drugs. Moreover the article says that all this is done because it is believed that women problems are related to emotional symptoms whereas men suffer problems, pressure and anxiety due to work pressure they get from their offices. The evidence of gender differences is also apparent in the wording of ads. Mens problems are told in advertisement in a clean and direct manner whereas womens problems are told in a humorous way because people assume that women really have no tension and pressures except to look good and maintain their body figures. A study was designed in order to see that what are the images of women as providers and consumers of health care that are portrayed in picture advertisements in medical journals and specially to see if there was any difference in the images of portraying men and women in picture advertisements. In Methodology 209 picture advertisements were taken from general and clinical medical journals and all pictures which portrayed women as either providers or consumer were included in the selected picture advertisements. Out of the 209 advertisements 76 were found to appear more than once, 43 appeared twice, 12 three times, 7 four times, 13 between 5 to 10 times and one ad appeared 17 times. The advertisements shown are very gender stereotyped showing women as disorientated and needing medication for sleep or depression, women as passive and men as active, men as authority figures and women as their patients, men as workers and women as sex objects or virgin. The article is concluded by saying that the number of labor force of women working has increased over the past two decades but a examination of medical advertisements made it clear that women are still not being shown the way they really are in reality. In this article the independent variable is image of women as psychoactive drugs and the dependent variable is the problems it creates among women. The article is related to the research as it tells the effects of advertisement on people accordin g to the gender.

Reflections of Milton in Paradise Lost and On Having Arrived :: comparison compare contrast essays

Reflections of Milton in Paradise Lost and On Having Arrived        At a young age, John Milton was convinced that he was destined for greatness.  He thought that he might perhaps leave something so written to aftertimes as they should not willingly let it die(Text 414).  For this causal agent he thought that his life was very important to himself and to others.  He often wrote directly about himself, and he used his life experiences as roots for his literature.  In Paradise Lost and in a sonnet entitled On His Blindness, Milton speaks indirectly and directly of his loss of vision.  Also in Paradise Lost, he uses the semipolitical situation of his time as a base for the plot, and he incorporates elements of his own character into the character of Satan.  In On Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty-Three, he speaks plainly about the course of his life.        In the latter part of his life, Milton lost his vis ion. This loss was very traumatic for him because he had not yet completed his guardianship of writing a memorable work of literature. Soon after, he continued his work with the help of his daughters. He dictated to them a sonnet he called On His Blindness in which he asks how God expects him to do his work blind. Miltons ambitious side says that his writing talent is lodged with him useless(Text 417).  His religious side soon realizes that he is complaining to God and he takes it back.  He discovers that God will not look down on him if he does not write a masterpiece.  He granted Milton a great talent, and he expects Milton to be happy. He has to learn to do his work in a dark world.  This poem was not the in conclusion time Milton referred to his condition in his writing.  In book one of Paradise Lost, while invoking the Muse, Milton says what in me is dark illumine(Hndout 22).  He asks to be granted the situation to work through his blindness.& nbsp He obviously thinks of his blindness as a major weakness.  Later in the text, he describes Hell as having no light, simply rather darkness visible(Hndout 270).  It is Miltons way of almost subliminally implying that his condition is comparable to

Comparing Education for Leisure and Miracle on St. David’s Day :: Carol Ann Duffy Gillian Clarke Poems Essays

Comparing Education for Leisure and Miracle on St. Davids Day This essay will explore the similarities and differences amid thetwo verse forms Education for leisure which was written by Carol Ann Duffyand Miracle on St. Davids Day by Gillian Clarke. The theme focusedon the poems is outsider. In Education for Leisure the man is anoutsider because he is being ignored, however in miracle on St.Davids Day, the patient is well taken billing of but is an outsider inhis mind because he is sick and cannot speak. He wants to be anoutsider so that no one can notice him.Firstly, the poem Education for leisure creates a negativeatmosphere caused by the treacherous outsider. Every stanza concludeswith a full stop. The poem has five verses overall. Duffy has writtenthis poem in the style of a diary, rather than constructing the wordsto rhyme. This is shown by the word I. She has as well used metaphorsto express the circumstances boredom stirring in the streets. This give voice shows that the d ay is awfully uninspired and no one is inprospect. This day is like any other day for the man because his lifeis filled with sadness. He feels uninspired and may feel frustratedimputable to the boredom. He wants to destroy something, I am going tokill something. This phrase is directly alarum the reader that theman is unstable and is enthusiastic to kill. He is too weak anddefenceless to kill a living thing so he mentions of victimising anobject. It also indicates that the poem is occurring in the presenttense. Duffy has used this to add to the tension in the mind of thespeaker. The self-centeredness of the speaker appears in the repeateduse of I, me, my.I have had enough of being ignored this shows that the peoplearound him do not take enough consideration towards him, therefore hefeels insecure and abandoned. He has no one to express what he isfeeling because he feels isolated. Duffy creates an image of a lonely,desperate man that desires to be heard so the readers emotions would be pitiful. The writer wants the readers emotions to be sympathetictowards the character. The speaker has no idea what he is saying so heconstantly changes the result this is referred to by the quote Wedid that at school. Shakespeare. It was in another language and nowthe fly is in another this quote does not make sense due to the factthat the speaker keeps changing the topic he is talking about.