Henderson Printing - 1168 Words

I have been asked to review the compensation system practices for Henderson Printing with a view to establishing a common set of principles and practices that are understood by both management and employees of the organization. In addition, it is both logical and desirable to ensure that Henderson Printing is motivating and rewarding a common set of skills and behaviours to all employees consistently in the organization in order for Henderson Printing to be the most viable organization as possible. Findings and Issues: Employees of Henderson Printing need to be feel that they are all being paid fairly at all levels within the organization. Currently there is no formal system of compensation that Henderson Printing follows and†¦show more content†¦Henderson has displayed. It will help with the issue of cost control and ensuring no one is being over paid for their job. The job evaluation system will also engage and motivate employees to seek promotions within Henderson Printing as they will encouraged to reach the next level and advance within the organization. Role clarity will also assist in the job evaluation process assisting employees in better understanding their role and responsibilities; as is the case with the current rank of supervisors providing conflicting information to employees. In addition to the job evaluation system described above, I would recommend Henderson printing implement a profit sharing plan in the organization which provides bonus payments to employees based on their profits of the organization. Employees of Henderson Printing will feel more motivated to improve the organization’s profits, it will promote improved cooperation with team members and stronger organizational citizenship. In addition, over time, if production becomes more efficient due to the employee’s invested interest in the organization and identify perhaps new and innovated ways to increase production seamlessly, there may be an ability to reduce the need for supervisors and/or on-site managers, which would result in further reducing operating costs. Recruitment and retention of employees may also be assisted withShow MoreRelatedStrategic Compensation Henderson Printing1356 Words   |  6 PagesCompensation Henderson Printing June 12 2012 Case Study Henderson Printing As a component of the structural variables in the organization of Henderson Printing the reward system is archaic and ineffective at best, it is therefore important to understand the contextual variables affecting Henderson that will determine the most appropriate managerial strategy for this organization. Of the five contextual variables, Environment is the most critical. Henderson PrintingRead MoreCompensation System Of Henderson Printing Company1132 Words   |  5 PagesCompensation system in Henderson printing company Introduction One of the important aspects of business management is having a proper compensation system. Compensation ensures that the staff of the company obtains the results of their efforts. Compensation is a cost to the enterprise and, therefore, a proper remuneration model must demonstrate its ability to produce returns. Also, since compensation is what the employees get in exchange for their services, the type used must be one that will motivateRead MoreHrmt 326 Henderson Printing Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesHenderson Printing Case Study Henderson Printing is a small-to medium sized firm that manufactures account books, ledgers, and various types of record books that are used in business (Long, 2010, p. 512). This company’s compensation system will be analyzed based on the five contextual variables as discussed in the textbook. The environment in which Henderson Printing operates can be classified as stable, as well as simple. This can be justified, as the company produces stable annual sales, thusRead MoreKodak And Its First Snapshot Camera1443 Words   |  6 Pagessold about 16.5 million of them. However, a patent infringement suit by Polaroid forced Kodak to abandon their instant camera product line. â€Å"By 1976 Kodak controlled 90% of the film market and 85% of camera sales in the United States† (Gavetti, Henderson and Giorgi 3). Kodak grew significantly, but it began to slow due to an increase in competition from Fuji Photo Film Company. Starting in 1983, with a new CEO, Colby Chandler, Kodak wa nted to enter into the digital business. In 1986, the companyRead MoreAn Evaluation Of A Buffer Arrangement1747 Words   |  7 Pagesand sodium acetic acid derivation) or a frail base and its conjugate (smelling salts and ammonium chloride). When all is said in done, the pH extend in which a support arrangement is compelling is +/ - one pH unit on either side of the pKa. The Henderson–Hasselbalch gives the data expected to set up a cushion. (1) There is a point of confinement to the measure of corrosive or base that can be added to a cradle arrangement before one of the segments is spent. This point of confinement is known asRead MoreImportance of Photography902 Words   |  4 Pagesbe able to record images that he or she was interested in. Even with this, George Eastmans Kodak camera is probably the most recognized when considering early advancements in photography for the masses. Eastman initially collaborated with David Henderson Houston who invented the roll film and who enabled Eastman to provide his customers with an even easier method of developing films. B. The addition of the dimension of color to the practice of photography While people initially associated photographyRead MoreA Brief Analysis of the Structure and Design of Typerite Ltd.1284 Words   |  6 PagesTyprite is a relatively small family owned private limited company based in Warrenpoint, Co. Down. It was established in 1985 and is involved in the manufacturing and distribution of a large range of printing consumables i.e. ink cartridges, laser toner cartridges, thermal transfer fax rolls etc. It sells mainly to businesses, although it does sell directly to the public at it’s manufacturing plant in Warrenpoint. In 2008 Typerite exports it’s products to 33 countries across the world. InRead MoreAaron Douglas, The New Negro Movements Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagespaintings! and printmaking. When he painted he mostly painted religious subjects because his father was a baptist minister so he was surrounded my that all of his life. He went to school for printmaking on things like wood slabs, linoleum, and block printing. Similar to Douglas, James was also an illustrator for books and magazines like The Crisis, and Opportunity. His art medium is still around today and after his death, it lives in many of his students works of art. Other than printmaking he also usedRead Moreundertake project work Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesDay tour to Fremantle Foundry Engineering CO. +61 8 9494 8100 +61 8 9494 8199 2 Contest Link Henderson WA 6166 Project definition The project is based on organizing a day tour to a major maritime company in Fremantle, WA, to introduce a business management class of 30 students to see how a good management program operates. As allocated budget, we have $ 10000 available funds, which will be detailed later in the project. To ensure that we succeed in the completion of the project eachRead MoreEssay on Sociology: Black Like Me1713 Words   |  7 Pageseveryone. Either we alter our comfort to conform to the ideology or we accept the altered truth that conforms to our comfort. (Griffin, 1996: 74) REFERENCES Class notes. SOCI 201 Winter 2010. Linda Henderson, University of Calgary. Griffin, John Howard. 1996. Black Like Me. New York: Signet Printing.

The Characteristics Of Adult Learners Education Essay Free Essays

string(65) " three general larning manners: ocular, audile, and kinesthetic\." Adult pupils in the procedure of ELT construct the particular group of people socially accepted as mature and who are in a learning procedure. Education of grownups has long been perceived as different from instruction of kids in both theory and pattern. The field of big instruction was pioneered by Malcom Knowles who claimed that andragogy should be distinguished from teaching method. We will write a custom essay sample on The Characteristics Of Adult Learners Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Andragogy consists of larning schemes focused on grownups while teaching method is concerned on kids. Knowles ‘ theory of andragogy is an effort to develop a theory specifically for grownup acquisition. Adults bring life experience and a degree of adulthood into the schoolroom that kids and striplings do non. Probably the individual most of import concern for the instructor of grownups is a thorough apprehension of the scholar. Through such an apprehension it is possible to direct your learning to the specific demands and involvements of the grownup. Adults are autonomous and expect to take duty for determinations. Adult larning plans must suit this cardinal facet. In practical footings, it means that direction for grownups demands to concentrate more on the procedure and less on the content being taught. It is of import to utilize schemes such as function playing, simulations, undertaking work and treatments rather frequently because they are most utile for big pupils who are job -centred, goal- oriented and practical. Teacher adopts a function of facilitator or resource instead than lector or grader. Furthermore, another facet of grownup instruction is motive because merely when pupils are motivated they can larn. The best manner is to heighten studentsA? ground for larning. Teachers must be after their motivation scheme which is considered to be successful if it includes demoing grownup pupils the relationship between developing an expected publicity. Finally, we do non hold to bury another built-in portion of grownups larning which proper feedback is. We should cognize when and have to give feedback because good feedback is one of the basic wagess of acquisition. Teaching English to grownups is different from learning kids and teens and involves a considerable sum of planning and accomplishment to do it apprehensible and adaptable to all scholars. 1. Features of Adult Learners Compared to kids and teens, grownups have particular demands and demands as scholars. Adults are people who have the position of adulthood in their ain and other peopleA?s eyes, but in the instruction procedure they come in the low-level place of the scholars. It could be really hard at the beginning and it depends on persons how to cover with this state of affairs. A batch of grownups can go dying because they are so disquieted about traveling back to school and are afraid of their failure and may believe that they are unable to larn. â€Å" The struggle is that as grownups we already have certain well-developed thoughts about life along with our ain system of thoughts and beliefs. To acknowledge that we need to larn something new is to acknowledge that there is something incorrect with our present system. â€Å"[ 1 ] On the other manus, they have outlook about the acquisition procedure and they are able to accept duty for their ain acquisition. They are independent and self – directed, they are non dependent on other people for way. Adults as scholars are goal-oriented and results-oriented. They normally know what end they want to accomplish and they besides have specific consequences in head for instruction. They must see a ground why to larn something. Learning has to be valuable for them ; it should be related to their demands and eventually suit to their work. In other words, grownups seek instruction which is appropriate for their current lives. They are practical and are focused on the facets of the lessons ; it means they want to cognize how the lessons will be utile to them on the occupation. We must non bury that grownups have a batch of experience and a wealth of cognition and they expect to be treated consequently. They require larning that makes sense and is connected to their cognition and experience. They can be critical of learning methods ; they will non execute a learning activity merely because the instructor said to make it. Furthermore, we can anticipate that grownups are more disciplined that some kids and adolescents and are able to prolong a degree of motive. Compared to kids, grownups have more developed abstract idea ; it means we have to take appropriate activities adapted to utilize their minds to larn consciously. To sum it up, there are a batch of specific characteristics of grownup scholars which we have to bear in head in the procedure of learning. Compared to kids and adolescents, grownups have particular demands and demands as scholars. Of class, these are generalisations and there can look some exclusions in each group of scholars. 2. Learner Differences All pupils have different rational abilities. They think and learn otherwise. Learner differences are related to different thought manners and larning manners of pupils. Some of them use more than one manner, but by and large each individual has a preferable manner. We can separate brooding minds, originative minds, practical minds and conceptual minds. Brooding minds perceive new information subjectively, associate it to past experience and analyze their feelings about larning. On the contrary, originative minds like to play with new information, really frequently ask â€Å" why? † and make their ain solutions. Practical minds need factual information and attempt to happen the simplest and besides efficient manner to make something. In other words, they want to use their new accomplishments to their occupation. The last group consists of conceptual minds who are interested in how things work, non merely in the concluding result. They like seeing images and want to cognize the related constructs.[ 2 ] Equally of import are larning manners. Students normally tend to one acquisition manner because they associate it with larning success. There are three general larning manners: ocular, audile, and kinesthetic. You read "The Characteristics Of Adult Learners Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Ocular scholars process new information when they can see it. They like artworks, illustrations, diagrams, images and presentations. Their slogan is â€Å" Show me. â€Å" Auditory scholars rely on sounds and voices ; they remember new information when it is spoken. They love talks and treatments. Their slogan is â€Å" Tell me. † Kinesthetic scholars need to make something to understand it. They want to touch the new information or manipulate it. They prefer written assignments, taking notes and scrutiny of objects. Their slogan is â€Å" Let me make it. † 3. Motivation for Adult Learning Motivation is some sort of internal thrust which pushes person to make things in order to accomplish something. A cognitive position of motive includes factors such as the demand for geographic expedition, activity, stimulation, new cognition and self-importance sweetening. Students come to education for many grounds. All grounds are acceptable because any motive is better than none. Unless you are motivated, you will non and can non larn. Most big pupils are at the schoolroom because they want to be. There are called â€Å" want to † scholars. Some of them are at that place because they need it for their occupation. They are â€Å" have to † scholars. There are a batch of motive factors. Some of the most common are: Promotion- depends on go throughing an test or making a class. Personal promotion – people want to acquire higher position at work. Social relationships – people want to do new friends. Escape/Stimulation – people want to avoid ennui, larning can disrupt the day-to-day modus operandi at place or at work. External outlooks – people try to carry through the outlooks of person with formal authorization. More money – after go throughing a class or successful graduation you can anticipate to gain more money. Social public assistance – attempt to better ability to be good to mankind and take part in community work Cognitive involvement – people who are interested in larning, they want to have new information and seek cognition for its ain interest There are Four Foundational Principles that motivate grownups to larn ( Wlodkowski, 2009 ) : Inclusion is the consciousness of scholars that they are a portion of an environment, they respect each other, and they have no fright of menace or humiliation. It is related to positive societal clime. Inclusion Fosters engagement. Attitude is a combination of constructs, information, and emotions. Attitude consequences in a sensitivity that can take to favorable or unfavorable response. Attitude causes a powerful consequence on human behavior and acquisition because they help people make sense of their universe. ( E.g. Negative larning experience can impact our attitude, engagement and outlooks. ) Meaning – devising, apprehension, and altering significance is a cardinal facet of grownup instruction. Deep significance causes that the experience or thought is connected to an of import end. Meaning comes from disputing larning experience in an piquant format about a relevant subject. Meaning sustains engagement. Competence is an attempt to effectual interaction with the universe. Adults have a strong innate temperament to be competent. They need to use what they have learned to the existent universe. Competence allows a pupil to experience confident when they know that they are expert at what they are larning. Assurance once more supports and motivates more extended acquisition. This can ensue in a spiralling moral force of competency and assurance. Increasing and directing pupil motive is one of a teacherA?s undertakings. We should form the indispensable motivational conditions. If we want to set up inclusion, we need to make a acquisition ambiance in which scholars and instructors feel respected and connected to one another. Following undertaking is to develop attitude, it means making a favorable temperament to larning through personal relevancy and pick. To heighten significance is of import to make ambitious and thoughtful acquisition experiences which include learnersA? positions and values. Furthermore we should breed competency by making an apprehension of scholar effectivity. And how do we cognize if scholars are motivated? There are some discernible indexs of intrinsic motive: Learners do activities without opposition. Learners spontaneously relate acquisition. Learners ask inquiries. Learners go beyond required work. Learners are proud of their acquisition and its effects. Unlike kids and adolescents, grownups have many duties that they must equilibrate. These duties can take to the barriers against take parting in larning. The most common jobs are deficiency of clip, money, assurance, involvement, deficiency of information, programming job and jobs with kid attention and transit. The best manner how to actuate grownup scholars is to heighten their ground for acquisition and diminish the barriers. As instructors of grownups we have to be after actuating schemes which show learners the relationship between preparation and an expected publicity. 4. Giving Feedback â€Å" The old expression that pattern makes perfect is non true. But it is true to state that it is pattern the consequences of which are known which makes perfect. † ( F.C. Barlett ) Feedback, unfavorable judgment, praising and noticing are really of import in the instruction procedure. Teaching grownups is complicated because of the trouble of knocking. There are two unsafe: giving feedback in the incorrect manner and non giving plenty. Without proper feedback the learner public presentation can non better. If public presentation can non better, all scholars rapidly loose their involvement. Good feedback is one of the basic wagess of acquisition and critical portion of the learning rhythm goes like this: In comparing with kids and teens, grownups find it harder to acknowledge that they have made a error, and it is harder for them to unlearn it. The same error can be repeated once more hence is of import to give feedback instantly or every bit shortly as possible. The job is non merely to rectify mistakes made on the topographic point, but to happen out some basic misinterpretations from the yesteryear, e.g. when we teach grammar, pupils sometimes have no thought what parts of address are. Until all the misinterpretation from the yesteryear are identified, no advancement can be made. A batch of pupils seem it hard to larn the regulations of English spelling decently. It can be a combination of mechanical and psychological grounds. It is peculiarly difficult to rectify once more perennial errors. The solution how to avoid it is bar ; it means make certain that on first juncture of a new piece of larning the grownup gets the right reply – â€Å" right first clip † .[ 3 ] It is frequently said that people learn by doing errors. It is true but we should recognize when measuring that prise make us experience confident, whereas negative unfavorable judgment makes us self-doubting. Good feedback is given quickly, contains encouraging words, gives elaborate remark on each public presentation, praises the good points before knocking the bed, is focused on knocking the public presentation, non the individual, is concentrated on merely a few errors at a clip and is clear. Giving feedback demands accomplishments every bit good as tact. We should make a friendly ambiance for constructive feedback. After giving feedback, we should look into that the scholar has understood the message by inquiring open-ended inquiries. Avoid closed ( yes, no ) inquiries, e.g. Have you understood? It is better to get down inquiries with â€Å" State me † , â€Å" How † , or â€Å" Why † . Finally, a batch of instructors overestimate the measure of feedback they give. To avoid it, seek to happen ways to offer every scholar some feedback in every lesson. As instructors of grownups we should understate the bed consequence of unfavorable judgment although there are a batch of possibilities for misinterpretation because without feedback pupils can non larn and instructors do non learn. 5. Function of the Teacher â€Å" When the pupil is ready, the instructor appears † ( a Buddhist adage ) As we said in one of old chapter, a batch of big pupils can experience dying when they go back to school after a few old ages being out of the schoolroom. Our occupation as a instructor of grownup pupils is to be positive, friendly and encouraging. Patients help excessively. It is sometimes of import to cognize that older pupils need more clip to react if we ask a inquiry. Promote your pupils to utilize their ain life experience in the acquisition procedure excessively. As instructor we should understate the carnival of failure and the bad consequence of past acquisition experiences by offering activities which are accomplishable for our pupils and correspond to their degree. Not merely pupils can hold some concerns. There can be a job for some instructors and it is age. School instructors are ever older than their students and have the advantages of longer instruction. Not so instructors of grownups. They can be younger than their pupils and may even be less intelligent. It is right to hold some concerns about a new group of pupils, but both the job and the solution are in our ain custodies. What makes a good instructor? Effective instructor have these features ( Rogers, 1989 ) : A warm personality – accept all pupils and understand them, be helpful Social skill – ability to link the group together without being dominate Forming ability – disposal is swimmingly handled Skill in descrying and deciding scholar jobs Enthusiasm – a batch of oculus contact, varied voice inflection. Not merely can the personality of a instructor but the leading manner lead to the success or failure of larning. We can separate three different types of leading: dictator, where the leader is rigorous, autocratic, encourages fight and makes all of import determinations himself ; laissez-faire, where the instructor does virtually nil unless he is straight asked a inquiry ; and democratic, where the scholars decide what they will make and the instructor is person who can impact single solutions of jobs. In the group where the instructor behaves magisterially the scholars are submissive and good behaved, but frequently mishear instructions, are competitory, reciprocally belittling and demo marks of aggression and tend to abandon work when the instructor leaves the room. On the contrary, the individualistic group does about nil whether or non the instructor is present. Under democratic leading the scholars work good together without carnival of one surpassing the other. There occur smal l tenseness or aggression and the impermanent absence of the instructor make no alterations in the sum of work the scholars do.[ 4 ] It is clear that creativeness is more bucked up in groups where the instructor does non rule. There can develop pleasant societal relationships, more pupils talk to one another and esteem each other. On the other manus, dominant, aloof, autocratic instructors tend to bring forth either really hostile or subdued group of scholars who are individualists and do non desire to co-operate. 6. Teaching Schemes Any activity that gets pupils involved is really utile and makes the learning experimental. This includes e.g. little group treatments, function drama, composing or pulling something specific, skits etc. Activities that involve acquiring up and traveling approximately can besides maintain pupils energized. Try to utilize a assortment of learning stuffs and methods and do non bury single differences of your pupils ( differences in manner, clip, types and gait of larning ) . It is known that single differences addition with age. Take into history that your pupils have a batch of life experience which they can convey to the schoolroom, supply them every bit much chances for duologue as possible and ask open-ended inquiries so that they can utilize their cognition and experience. Treat all inquiries and remarks with regard. State your pupils the outlooks of the instruction procedure and familiarise them with the course of study, but do non be disappointed when they do non wholly agree wi th your program. You can discourse it together and do some alterations in conformity with the demands of your pupils. They can assist you to plan the acquisition procedure. Because grownup pupils are jobs centred, allow them cognize how the freshly acquired cognition can be applied to current jobs or state of affairss. As a instructor you should equilibrate between presentation of new stuff, treatment and engagement among pupils and your class program. Teaching schemes for grownups are more effectual if it is learner-centred than instructor-centred.[ 5 ] By utilizing combinations of grownup scholar techniques and schemes, Extension pedagogues can make preparation experiences that will heighten the acquisition of participants. When grownups participate in a positive acquisition experience, they are more likely to retain what they have learned and use it in their work environment. 6.1. Lectures and Presentations Lectures and presentations are the most common instruction methods in big instruction. They are sometimes referred to as an economic manner of learning because they do non necessitate about any technician or administrative support. As a instructor usage these methods exhaustively. First, maintain them short. Lectures should take 15 or 20 proceedingss and bound for presentation is even shorter, five proceedingss. Second, your talk should hold a clear beginning, center and terminal ; it means that it is clear to your pupils and if it is clear defined, it can assist pupils to cognize what the aims are before get downing. This techniques has o batch of possibilities how to be used. You can present short intensive presentation which is followed by practising. You can instantly see if your pupils understood your talk. Adults learn best through engagement and activity, so your talk or presentation can be interspersed with group treatment, single undertakings, and audio-visual stuff. In the talks or presentations try to maintain to simple chief points. A batch of grownup pupils need to hold a written support of a new piece of larning but it is known that grownups do non take notes really frequently. Making notes during presentation can be a recreation from understanding therefore it is better to teach your pupils non to compose merely listen to you. Fix well-designed printed press releases for them, non really long because it could deter your pupils from reading it. It is better to administer press releases after a talk than earlier ; it is less deflecting. If you are showing, be certain that all scholars are able to see from your point of position. If the presentations are seen from the forepart, the pupil must mentally change by reversal all the procedures. In general, talks and presentations are likely best used in short subdivisions, with frequent resort to treatment, single pattern, undertaking work etc. 6.2. Role – drama, Simulation and Games Simulation, role- drama and games play similar functions in linguistic communication instruction. They are seen as ways of bridging the spread between the schoolroom and the existent word. These activities offer a assortment of ways how to do the acquisition procedure more interesting, disputing and lively. As we said in earlier chapters, grownups need to avoid being told how to make something, they need to seek it out for themselves. Role-playing refers to the changing of one ‘s behavior to presume a function. It is any speech production activity when you either set yourself into person else ‘s places ( The President, a millionaire, a dad star etc. ) , or when you stay in your ain places but set yourself into an fanciful state of affairs ( ‘At the eating house ‘ , ‘Checking in at the airdrome ‘ etc. ) Role-playing is proposed as an ideal technique to learn linguistic communication because it prepares scholars for the unpredictable nature of real-life communicating, Teachs appropriate linguistic communication usage, and boosts assurance. Learning takes topographic point when activities are prosecuting and memorable. It is ever better to convey state of affairss to life and maintain them existent and relevant. We should utilize the role-play for the undermentioned grounds ( Harmer, 1989 ) : It ‘s merriment and motivation. Quieter pupils get the opportunity to show themselves in a more blunt manner. The universe of the schoolroom is broadened to include the outside universe – therefore offering a much wider scope of linguistic communication chances. Some function playing is simple and does non necessitate any particular readying. It is a normal extension of work done rehearsing duologues and drills ; on the other manus, function drama can be prepared in advanced when the instructor sets up the scene. The stuff must be relevant, brief and believable. Once you have selected a suited function drama, predict the linguistic communication needed for it. It is recommended to present any new vocabulary before the function drama. After the function drama is finished, pass some clip on debriefing. This does non intend indicating out and rectifying errors. It is the procedure of debriefing which helps do the acquisition points. After the function drama, the pupils are satisfied with themselves ; they feel that they have used their cognition of the linguistic communication for something utile. This feeling of satisfaction will vanish if every error is analyzed. It might besides do the pupils less confident and less willing to make the other function dramas. Ask your pupils sentiment about the role-play, e.g. : What did you believe of the manner you handled X? How did it compare with the manner you deal with this in existent life? The purpose is to discourse what has happened in the function and what they have learned. Finally, do non bury to thank and praise the participants for their attempts. Example of function drama: We can play the picture where the characters are making something. The pupils watch it and so can reiterate some duologues. Then the instructor divides pupils into groups and they play the characters from the film dawdler, but extend the duologues harmonizing to their ain phantasy. After rectification and treatment they play the same scene once more. Simulation is defined as a world of map in a fake and structured environment. A simulation has three features: A world of map which means the participants in a simulation must step inside the function they have accepted and act consequently. A fake environment where there is no contact with the existent universe. A structured environment where the participants have all the facts and information provided for them.[ 6 ] Simulations have been used in many countries of preparation and instruction, such as the ground forces or in concern surveies. But in whatever country, linguistic communication is the tool used for communicating and Jones claim that simulation and linguistic communication are â€Å" virtually inseparable † . Simulation in ELT motivates scholars because simulation activities give them a opportunity to be involved in linguistic communication usage. It allows everyone to take part and even when errors are made, the instructor does non interfere. It gives chance for meaningful pattern of linguistic communication because most simulations involve interaction, either verbal or non-verbal, in spoken or written signifier. Well – planned simulations that are relevant to the scholars will surely promote earners to desire to finish the undertakings. The realistic ambiance in simulation is achieved through the careful readying of the stimulus stuff. Students take functions where the y behave as people in a wider assortment state of affairss which are close to existent life. Simulation encourages creativeness although it begins with information given to scholars. They need to be clever to bring forth the thought and to finish the simulation. Example of simulation: Title: To do a command 5 participants ( each pupil is given a function card with some information about a function and with counsel what to make: Finance Manager, Factory Manager, Gross saless Manager, Office Manager, and Director ) Situation: The company is doing available RM 10A 000 for upgrading merely one of the four sections. Each section is under the leading of a director ( as in the above ) . Each section is allowed to do a command for the amount of money saying the ground the money is needed. The Director will so make up one’s mind the successful bidder. Language maps: Explaining, justifying, supporting, opposing. Time: 1 hr lesson Students are divided in groups of 5. At the terminal of the lesson, the Director studies on the determination for each group. Games Not merely do many grownups enjoy games, but linguistic communication games really accelerate larning in a figure of ways. It is perfectly critical that big pupils know why they are utilizing a peculiar game, what specific mark grammar or vocabulary are they rehearsing, or what accomplishment are they reenforcing by utilizing the game. If pupils know and understand why they are making a peculiar activity they will be much more inclined to collaborate and bask the acquisition. Learning through merriment activities relaxes pupils and makes the schoolroom atmosphere much more supportive for scholars. Using adequate assortment in the type of activity or game will convey all four acquisition manners into drama: auditory, ocular and kinesthetic. Using games allows your pupils to acquire the most out of lesson clip, by passing it talking English. There are some links where you can happen a batch of games for grownup English scholars: www.teachingenglishgames.com www.ELTgames.com The of import advantage of all above mentioned activities is that they are wholly active methods of larning. Another benefit is that their existent value is frequently in the societal accomplishments they teach. 6.3. Undertaking Work â€Å" State me and I forget. Show me and I remember. Involve me and I understand † ( Chinese adage ) Undertaking work is a agency of communicating and enjoyment based on the combination of theory and pattern. A undertaking is an drawn-out piece of work on a peculiar subject where the content and the presentation are determined chiefly by the scholars. Students work in groups to work out disputing jobs that are reliable and frequently interdisciplinary. Learners decide how to near a job and what activities to prosecute. It can be used at every degree from absolute novice to progress. There can be involved all scholars mixed in ability, assurance and experience. The undertakings are really originative. The writers of the undertakings gather information from a assortment of beginnings and synthesise, analyze, and derive cognition from it and so set all the parts together to organize a consistent presentation. It is based on studentsA? demands and involvements. The instructor ‘s function is to steer and rede, instead than to direct and pull off pupil work. How to get down? Teach your pupils how to make undertaking work. Get down with concrete, small-scale activities. Decide the presentation signifier and the standards for its rating. Undertakings need to be seen or read so be after the last undertaking session as a presentation. Types of undertakings: Production undertaking Performance undertaking Collection undertakings Informational undertakings Orientation undertakings Social public assistance undertakings. Each undertaking needs to be evaluated. You can utilize a simple undertaking rating study, which remarks on facets of the undertaking such as content, design, linguistic communication work and besides evaluates the unwritten presentation phase of the undertaking. It can be discussed with all pupils from the category or group. Advantages of undertaking work are: It increases motive because all scholars are personally involved All four accomplishments – reading, composing, listening and talking are integrated Learning outcome – pupils have an concluding merchandise Undertaking is an reliable undertaking and therefore the linguistic communication input is more reliable There are developed interpersonal dealingss through working in a group It is learner centred – contend and methodological analysis can be decided between the scholars and the instructor A interruption from everyday.[ 7 ] 6.4. Discussion Discussion is the prototypic learning method for active acquisition because it encourages pupils to detect solutions and develop critical thought abilities. . Discussion allows scholars to be active and experience personal contact. During treatment all participants speak to each other, explore, exchange positions, and larn from each other, pupils from instructor, instructor from pupils. Discussion is a state of affairs where pupils and instructor can and make do an unfastened, equal and personal response to a book, current societal job, manner, movies, political relations etc. which needs reading to take it beyond a factual statement. In a good treatment most members of the group experience willing able to talk when appropriate. Even in group where everybody contributes, there will be people who talk more than others. Dominant members of groups are frequently able and energetic people, whose enterprise can be used for other group members, either in the thoughts they contribute to gen eral treatment, or in some particular assignments, excess research or short talks they can set about. Silent member or people who speak seldom in a treatment can be soundless as a manner of demoing disapproval of what the remainder of group are stating or they can be diffident, diffident or lazy or because they prefer to listen to other people instead than to speak themselves. Problems of over-dominant and excessively soundless pupils can be solved by dividing the group into smaller groups for some portion of the category clip. Peoples who ne’er speak in the big group can state a batch in the smaller 1. Before treatment you can promote your pupil to fix for it. They can believe about a subject, read some stuffs and write notes and remarks. It is normal that for the first twosome of proceedingss the treatment is slow and hard to pull off, but if your pupils are prepared for it and you create a friendly atmosphere it can shortly warm up. If your purpose is a treatment which involves everyone, it is of import to run chairs in a circle, as that is the lone manner people can see or turn to each other easy than in sitting lecture- manner in consecutive lines.[ 8 ] Decision In decision, learning grownups should be different from learning kids and striplings. As we said, instructors of grownups should utilize a different manner of learning which is based on the theory of andragogy which suggest that grownups expect learner – centred scenes where they can find their ain ends and form their acquisition harmonizing to their present life demands. The learning techniques should be chosen with respect to demands of all scholars. We should see what attack and methods seem to be appropriate for our pupils. We have to esteem our pupils different larning manners, we should promote them, actuate them and give them a proper feedback. When our pupils know that the instruction procedure benefits them pragmatically, they will execute better, and the benefits will be longer enduring. Good instructors of grownups take all of these factors into history. Beyond learning your topic, you have the chance to animate assurance and passion in another human being. This is your challenge as a instructor of grownups. How to cite The Characteristics Of Adult Learners Education Essay, Essay examples

Pros and Cons of Exporting to a Regionally Integrated Market free essay sample

Since the main Justification behind regional trade agreement is in the best interest of the regional members and at the expense of diverting trades from third party countries. In another word, very few advantages can be found from an exporters point of view, not to mention a great deal of stumbling blocks in terms of government protectionism for the better soundness of EUS internal trade. Countries like EIJ are very regionally economically integrated in that there are strong economic union as well as political integration, especially in terms of trade. As a esult, EIJ will very much benefit from its regionalism from the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers that are only enjoyed by member states. Certainly its more profitable to expand our market, especially in big country like France, however the drawbacks outweigh extensively in that our competitive advantages will be easily offset by the internal reduction of barriers in EIJ honey manufacturing industry, consequently leaving us very little profit margin. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Exporting to a Regionally Integrated Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides the fact the sales might shoot up in the short term, there are almost no pros but cons in exporting to ELI, including a lengthy due- processes, no advantages ompare to EIJ members and great degree of country and economic risks. France is the second biggest member in EIJ in terms of honey consumptions. It will certainly account for a major proportion of our production outsource. This will largely increase our sales revenue as well as the economy of scale to expand the company. Moreover, when penetrating regional integrated market like France, its likely our company will be subsidized by government which is critical in logistic and country risk cost cutting. However, prior to entering, EIJ firstly has laid down extensive and lengthy legislation pplying to the EIJ import of honey intended for human consumption Before an EIJ buyer places an order, he needs to be sure your honey complies with the EIJ requirements and his own quality demands. U buyers will theretore require documentation on chemical analyses of each batch of honey. Most EIJ honey importers make use of the internationally acknowledged chemical laboratory on honey, Applica, to perform analyses (CBI, March, 2008) Along with the import license acquisition, it requires extremely long due-process and in turn increasing our inventory storage cost. Secondly, with regional free trade, roduction shifts toward the most efficient manufacturers of honey within the RTA. The fact that they retaining barriers to trade with nonmembers deprives our cost leadership and consumers will never consider our honey when there are cheaper options elsewhere. Lastly, highly integrated RTA in EIJ also reflects a strong economic union that readily affects France, which makes Frances economic and cultural prospects very volatile to predict and understand since the internal members are very inter-related particularly when theres an economic recession, for instance the ecent contagion of Greek debt crisis towards EIJ.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized free essay sample

Still today the debate over the legalization of marijuana in the United States continues. Marijuana is a drug that often smoked in a cigarette or bong. Because this drug is illegal, it is affecting us as individuals and as a country. Many people believe legalizing this â€Å"miracle drug† could be very beneficial to our country, including myself. It is argued that, â€Å"Like sex, alcohol, or cigarettes, marijuana is one of lifes little pleasures for some people† (Should Marijuana Be Legalized under Any Circumstances?). We will write a custom essay sample on Should Marijuana Be Legalized? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If marijuana were legalized our economy would improve, the crime rate would decrease, medical benefits would be seen, and make it possible for the quality and safety of drugs to be regulated. Many people have the wrong idea of what marijuana actually does to the body, assuming it is a more harmful drug than it actually is. But in reality, it is not so bad. â€Å"The drug generally isn’t more harmful than alcohol or tobacco if used in moderation,† but isn’t abuse of any bad substance almost always a problem? (Should Marijuana Be Legalized under Any Circumstances?). Like all drugs, you will suffer harmful consequences to your body if moderation is not used. â€Å"Its low toxicity is responsible for the well-known fact that marijuana has never directly caused a death†. (Legalizing Weed May Benefit Society, Economy)The Washington Post said â€Å"marijuana smoking, even in extreme cases, does not lead to lung cancer, while cigarettes cause 440,000 deaths a year.† (Legalizing Weed May Benefit Society, Economy). Also, most doctors say it is not any more addictive than alcohol or  tobacco. I do not believe it is fair or right that marijuana is illegal while tobacco and alcohol are equally harmful, if not more harmful. Health reasons don’t seem to be the reason it is illegal. So if this drug isn’t considered a major health concern compared to alcohol or tobacco, then why is it illegal? Well, like most things these days, it is a matter of business, this one going back to 1937. It was William Randolph Hearst who fought to make it illegal. Hearst had a strong connection with the timber industry, and when he found that hemp could be made into a paper  better than what he had, he pushed to make marijuana illegal for its harmful effect on users of the drug. With lots of money put into this effort, he made marijuana illegal. (Legalizing Weed May Benefit Society, Economy). So as you can see, it was never given a fair shot at being looked at properly. It was immediately given a bad reputation and since has never been able to become legal. I believe if it hadn’t been pushed to be illegal in that situation, it would be a legal drug right now. It is well known that lack of money does not always stop people from getting the drugs they need. Instead of paying for the drugs, they will steal it. â€Å"Legalization would mean a lower price; thus, related crimes (like theft) would be reduced† (Should Marijuana Be Legalized under Any Circumstances?). The cost of marijuana is higher in price due to the fact that it is illegal, but if it were legal the cost would go down, along with the crime rate in the United States. If legalized, less of government’s money would be spent on trying to stop the people producing this drug. Instead, the money could go to more important things including efforts trying to stop murders, terrorism, sex offenders, and more serious drugs. I believe that this fight against marijuana is unnecessary because it prevents our government from focusing on the more serious issues in the United States. As said by the National Office of Drug Control Policy, â€Å"the government was spending $29 billion annually to prosecute and incarcerate marijuana users.† (Legalizing Weed May Benefit Society, Economy). With that money back in our country’s pocket, a lot of good things could be done. Legalizing this drug would eliminate a good portion of our country’s issues. Many good people in our country may slip up one and for that they have a lifelong criminal record. An example of a slip up could be a one time use of marijuana. â€Å"Drug busts often trap young people in a flawed system that turns them into lifelong criminals.† (Should Marijuana Be Legalized under Any Circumstances?) After a person uses an illegal drug once, often times they find themselves too deep into the illegal system to get out. And after this, there life consists of several crimes trying to get out, one after the other. If marijuana were legalized, I believe we would see less cases where people’s lives are ruined due to the drug world. A legal system wouldn’t  have these terrible results. This drug is very beneficial to the sick. One group of people who could benefit from this is cancer patients. The drug can assist them with chemotherapy. Also, marijuana â€Å"prevents tension and stress that cause sore muscles and or aggitation and high blood pressure† (Marijuana: The Simple, Logical Benefits of Legalization). California has legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes. If California is using a drug to help their sick patients, why doesn’t the rest of the country? A major problem with this illegal drug is that some users become sick due its poor quality. There is no way of having a system to check for quality when it is illegal. Also, suing someone would be out of the question because the drug is illegal. But â€Å"By bringing marijuana into the legitimate business world, you can oversee production and regulate sales.† (Should Marijuana Be Legalized under Any Circumstances?). The fact that this drug is illegal is only making it more dangerous for the users, and these users are going to get the drug if they want it bad enough. In the 1920’s the use of alcohol was banned. This was called the Prohibition of the 1920s. It is well known that this caused serious crimes as booze was being made and sold illegally. The country’s crime rate increased rapidly and many people died for getting involved with this. Later, the United States made alcohol legal, fixing all the problems that had occurred. I can’t help but to imagine the same thing would happen if marijuana was legalized. Right now, California’s number one cash crop is marijuana, which brings in a whopping $14 billion a year. If many lives can be saved, many jobs created, and more money for our government can be earned, I can’t seem to find the reason why this drug isn’t legal yet. (Time to Legalize Marijuana?). Another issue this illegal drug brings to our country is environmental problems. Marijuana is mostly grown by Mexican drug cartels in California. The things involved in this illegal process are â€Å"Hundred KW generators, diesel storage tanks, ATV vehicles and large quantities of animal poison† (Marijuanas Effects: More Than Munchies). These growers are said to put  poison around their fields to kill of any wildlife that may harm the marijuana crops. On the other hand, many people producing marijuana use healthy ways of treating their crops to the best they can. â€Å"†They buy soil in bulk, use rat traps instead of poison, water with timers and drip systems. They have very little physical impact on the land† (Marijuanas Effects: More Than Munchies). It sickens me to think that if this drug were legalized, no one would have any reason to be doing this. Instead, growers would be using proper ways of dealing with the protection of their marijuana because they have no evidence that needs to be hidden. Here in America we take pride in the amount of freedom we have. I believe people should have access to marijuana, which isn’t all that serious of a drug. I understand that this is considered a gateway drug to other drugs. It makes us believe that other drugs can’t be as bad as it seems. It can lead us to more negative choices that ruin our life. But we are given freedoms to make our own decisions, and the government should not try to make this decision for us. Just like tobacco and alcohol, this drug should be legal. As I have already mentioned, the legalization of marijuana is still being debated today, as it has been for many years. To me the answer to this debate is quite obvious. It is hard to ignore the number of positive things for our country that could potentially come out of marijuana becoming legal. Legalizing marijuana would help with the economy, crime rate, heath problems, and our country as a whole. We must consider these endless benefits of legalizing marijuana when deciding whether or not we should legalize it.

Free Essays on The Use Of Ego-Boundary Thinking In Antigone

to explain things that displease you. But I do hear things, under cover of darkness, what our country says in grief for this girl: that no one is more innocent, no death more awful, no deeds more noble than hers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (833-839) But King Creon is so stubborn and proud that he fails to realize what his son is saying. Instead Creon is focusing on the image he must portray to keep order in his kingdom, his is not about to allow a woman to disobey a law and get away Scot-free. This single-mindedness is what makes Exterior-Thinking so bad, people get so focused on what the outside world will think of them when the make decisions. King Creon thinks that his kingdom will think that he is weak if he doesn’t punish Antigone. What he doesn’t realize is that his people sympathize with Antigone and if Creon were to let her go the people would think more highly of him. Haimon comes back to his father to make a second plea for Antigo... Free Essays on The Use Of Ego-Boundary Thinking In Antigone Free Essays on The Use Of Ego-Boundary Thinking In Antigone The Use of Ego-Boundary Thinking in Antigone Part 1 Ego-Boundary is a form of thought that combines an individual’s moral view with his/her view of the outside world. This combination allows the individual to make uninfluenced decisions. I believe that Ego-Boundary thinking allows you the freedom to slip back and forth from both Interior-Thinking and Exterior thinking. It is hard to limit yourself to one particular type of thinking because every situation calls for a different reaction. Using a balanced approach allows the individual the opportunity to avoid being heavily influenced by a particular way of thinking. Haimon is able to balance his personal feelings for Antigone (Interior thinking) and the voice of the people (Exterior thinking) In Antigone, Haimon uses Ego-Boundary thinking to try and convince his dad, King Creon, that he is wrong to punish Antigone. He tries to convey to Creon what the people are saying: â€Å"Because, for the common man, your gaze is terrible. He can’t find words to explain things that displease you. But I do hear things, under cover of darkness, what our country says in grief for this girl: that no one is more innocent, no death more awful, no deeds more noble than hers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (833-839) But King Creon is so stubborn and proud that he fails to realize what his son is saying. Instead Creon is focusing on the image he must portray to keep order in his kingdom, his is not about to allow a woman to disobey a law and get away Scot-free. This single-mindedness is what makes Exterior-Thinking so bad, people get so focused on what the outside world will think of them when the make decisions. King Creon thinks that his kingdom will think that he is weak if he doesn’t punish Antigone. What he doesn’t realize is that his people sympathize with Antigone and if Creon were to let her go the people would think more highly of him. Haimon comes back to his father to make a second plea for Antigo...

Birth, Death Marriage Records in Alberta Canada

Birth, Death Marriage Records in Alberta Canada The Province of Alberta was formed in 1905, but civil registration of births, marriages, and deaths in Alberta dates back to 1870 when Alberta was part of the Northwest Territories. A few, scattered birth records date back as far as 1850. How to Request an Alberta Vital Record: Government Services, Alberta RegistriesVital StatisticsBox 2023Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4W7Phone: (780) 427-7013 Alberta residents applying for an event which occurred in Alberta must apply through a Registry Agent, either in person or in writing. Applications by non-Alberta residents for a vital event which occurred in Alberta may apply through Registry Connect.Certificate Request for Alberta Residents The minimum fee for a birth, marriage or death certificate requested through a registry agent by an Alberta resident is $20 Canadian. Postage and handling, plus an agency fee is added on top, however, meaning that the actual fee charged will vary by registry agent. The cost for each certificate requested by people living outside of Alberta through Registry Connect is $40 Canadian, which includes GST and postage (except for rush delivery). Website: Alberta Vital Statistics Alberta Birth Records: Dates: From about 1850* Cost of copy: varies by registry agent (see above) Comments: When requesting the record for genealogical purposes, be sure to request a certified photocopy of a registration of birth (long form). This record will contain the name, date, and place of birth, sex, names of parents, and registration number and date, and may contain the age and/or birth date and birth place of parents. Birth records in Alberta are not public until after 100 years have passed from the date of birth. To apply for a genealogical search of birth records less than 100 years old, you must be able to show that the individual is deceased  and that you are an eligible next-of-kin (parent, sibling, children or spouse). Alberta Death Records: Dates: From about 1890* Cost of copy: varies by registry agent (see above) Comments: When requesting the record for genealogical purposes, be sure to request a certified photocopy of a registration of birth (long form). This record will generally contain the name, date, and place of death, sex, age, marital status and registration number and date, and may contain the name of spouse, names and birth places of parents, usual residence, occupation and date and place of birth. Death records in Alberta are not public until after 50 years have passed from the date of death. To apply for a genealogical search of death records less than 50 years old, you must be able to show that you are an eligible next-of-kin (parent, sibling, children or spouse). Alberta Marriage Records: Dates: From about 1890 Cost of copy: varies by registry agent (see above) Comments: When requesting the record for genealogical purposes, be sure to request a certified photocopy of a registration of birth (long form). This record will contain the names of bride and groom, date and place of marriage, birthplaces of bride and groom and registration number and date, and may contain the age and/or birthdate of bride and groom and the names and birth places of parents. Marriage records in Alberta are not public until after 76 years have passed from the date of marriage. To apply for a genealogical search of marriage records less than 75 years old, you must be able to show that the bride and groom are deceased  and that you are an eligible next-of-kin (parent, sibling, children or spouse). Divorce Records: Dates: From 1867 Cost of copy: varies Comments: For information on divorce proceedings in Alberta from 1867-1919 contact the Senate of Canada at the following address: Office of the Law Clerk and Parliamentary CounselRoom 3043rd Floor222 Queen StreetOTTAWA, ON K1A 0A4Phone: (613) 992-2416 After 1919 divorce proceedings were handled by the provincial courts. Write to the provincial courthouse for location and availability or enquire at the county courthouse concerning indexes and searches.Website: Alberta Courts * Original birth records from approximately 1850 through the 1980s for some communities are in the custody of the Provincial Archives of Alberta. Transcripts of these birth certificates can be obtained for $5.00, plus GST and postage fees. This is a cheaper option than obtaining the records through Alberta Vital Statistics, but photocopies of the original records are not available - only the transcripts.

Professional Development Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Professional Development Analysis - Assignment Example Above all you have to keep in mind the time and effort that you can put in to achieve professional development goals. The complexity of striking a balance in all these variables characteristics is not a simple task and a mere miscalculation can drive you into the chasm of wilderness and despair beside wastage of time and hard earned resources. Often in life, we face crossroads and have to make decision on a diversion to adopt or abandon one of the two favorites and only a correct decision can make things happen for us, the same goes with our professional development. A well thought-out plan can make thing easier and can help you choose the correct option. Specially, in a fast pace professional environment today, decision making has become an art of making right choices at right time. It is important to understand professional development in its correct perspective. Professional development is a long term plan but it yields results only on putting restless daily efforts. Professional development is a light house in your journey towards professional excellence. It is not a destination but defines a path towards the ultimate destination. Like any other long term plan professional development requires careful planning and consideration as Zepeda has pointed out in his book, â€Å"Professional development cannot be left to chance. Professional development must be planned purposefully and deliberately as part of the workday. Professional development is never the end but rather the beginning of the journey toward learning.† (Zepeda, 2008, p.61). This research is aimed at investigations into the available career paths in the field of mechanical engineering and provides a strategic approach towards achieving goals hence set for professional development. The analysis covers next five years action plan headed towards the completion of final year studies followed by master and PhD to finally achieve a career in

Setting and Theme of these stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Setting and Theme of these stories - Essay Example The plot type is tragedy, and the novel is about depressed, hopeless and saddened characters, which endure hardships and loss. The novel focuses over the wanted success of different characters, and it describes their dreams. The needed relationships in life, friendship and loneliness of characters are the elements contained in this novel that makes it worth reading. The themes of the novel include pain of loneliness and tragedy of mental retardation. Locations discussed in this novel are the California farm, Salinas River and villages. Author is sympathetic to the characters, yet he does not give them a happy ending. Even till now, it is argued that the novel is emphasizing over hope, happiness and joys of life or it takes its reader into depression. The style of this novel is naturalist, which relates to the depressing literary style. The tone of the author throughout the novel is gloomy and dismal. Steinbeck is a naturalist writer and for the naturalist writers the human characters are more like a human-beast as they seem to be the victim of others around them. In the novel, the author has referred Lennie as a â€Å"bear† and â€Å"horse†. The author does not describe his characters as evil or good as he believes that they are controlled by their environment, chances or heredity. The author does not represent its characters by enforced judgment about their actions; he just presents the characters as they are. He mirrors his characters through the writing style. The language used is simple but compelling. Author keeps the language simple, straightforward and descriptive. A famous novel A Tale of Two Cities is written by Charles Dickens, the novel portrays the scene and circumstances in London and Paris during French Revolution. This novel consists on three books named Recalled to Life, the Golden Thread and the Track of a Storm. The

Frederick Douglass Essay Example for Free

Frederick Douglass Essay Frederick Douglass was born a slave in 1818, a time when slaves were forbidden to have an education he succeeded in teaching himself to read and write. In Frederick Douglass’ Learning to Read, the audience was given a front row seat that allowed a glimpse inside the true depth and extent of slavery. Douglass expressed emphasis on literacy and the impact it had on slavery by revealing how slavery was detrimental not only to slaves but slave owners, how the path to educate himself caused mental anguish, and how literacy became his key to freedom. In the beginning, the master’s wife viewed Frederick as her equal and didn’t see anything wrong with educating him. Douglass said of his first teacher â€Å"She at first lacked the depravity indispensable to shutting me up in mental darkness (346), then she realized that educating a slave meant giving them a voice. Slavery had the power to turn a kind and caring person into a callous and cruel brute. â€Å"Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tiger like fierceness† (Douglass 346). She ceased to instruct him and made sure nobody else would. â€Å"Mistress, in teaching me the alphabet, had given me the inch, and no precaution could prevent me from taking ell† (347). Frederick Douglass was a brilliant man and determined to learn how to read. Douglass turned children into teachers and through an exchange of bread successfully learned how to read. In Learning to Read, Douglass wanted to name the boys who helped him as â€Å"a testimonial of the gratitude and affection I bear them†(347), but instead stated where they lived. Douglass writes about the steps he took when learning to read and goes as far to include where the children lived that help him succeed establishes accurate logic. The path Frederick Douglass traveled to pursue his education was a roller-coaster of emotions. Douglass was twelve when he came across the book The Columbian Orator, it contained material that spoke out against slavery, and with hope at his fingertips he came face to face with reality. â€Å"behold! That very discontentment which Master Hugh had predicted would follow my learning to read has already come, to torment and sting my soul to unutterable anguish. †(Douglass 348). He was still a slave, no longer ignorant of the truth but still without the answer. â€Å"I often found myself regretting my own existence, and wishing myself dead; and but for the hope of being free† Slavery was so horrific that he envied the clueless slaves and even contemplated death, but it was hope that saved him. Douglass’ use of loaded language appeals to the emotions of the audience. In Learning to Read, Douglass is eager to hear the word abolitionists, although he didn’t know what it meant he associated the word with hope. â€Å"If a slave ran away and succeeded in getting clear, or if a slave killed his master, set fire to a barn, or did anything very wrong in the mind of a slaveholder, it was spoken of as the fruit of abolition†(348,349). From a city paper he reads about the petition to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, and at the pier he is encouraged to runaway to the north, where he could be free. Douglass wrote â€Å"I consoled myself with hope that I should one day find a good chance. Meanwhile, I would learn to write. †(349) A lump of chalk, any solid surface and another clever method would provide Douglass with the tools necessary to learn how to write. Frederick Douglas was a slave who succeeded in learning to read and write establishes his credibility and authority. Douglass’ views on the importance of literacy and the impact it had on slavery was effective by accurately using logic, appealing to emotions, and establishing ethical credibility In Learning to Read, Frederick Douglass gives a first-hand account of the struggles he faced to free himself, mentally and physically, from slavery. Through his persistence to learn to read and write he discovers that knowledge is the key to freedom.

Merchant of Venice - Portia was No Feminist :: Merchant Venice Essays

Merchant of Venice: Portia was No Feminist The question has been proposed whether Portia was her own woman, and if after she married Bassanio would she still be the protector of her fortune. I researched for evidence to the theory that Portia was not her own, her fortune was not her own, and she was bound financially to her husband after marriage. There is nothing out of the ordinary about this particular arrangement, and I don't feel that the relationship should continue to be hailed as a progressive, feminist relationship. The best evidence I could find were the words which were spoken out of Portia's own mouth, One half of me is yours, the other half yours-- Mine own, I would say; but if mine, then yours, And so all yours. III.ii.16-18. There you have it. Portia is Bassanio's. This may be idle lover's talk; however, it does signify the beginning of a possessive relationship in which Bassanio is the possessor! Directly after Portia is "won" by Bassanio's correct choice in caskets she states, Happiest of all, is that her gentle spirit Commits itself to yours to be directed, As from her lord, her governor, her king. Myself, and what is mine, to you and yours Is now converted. . . . I was the lord of this fair mansion, master of my servants, Queen o'er myself; and even now, but now This house, these servants, and this same myself Are yours. . . . III.ii.163-171 I struggle to see how the relationship between Portia and Bassanio is worthy of feminist hurrahs. I believe Portia is a woman worthy of feminist scholarship, but not the relationship to her husband.

The Cunning of Iago in Othello

So Iago is this extremely interesting, cunning, evil character. But over all of these trait’s Iago’s jealousy is what drives him to scheme and plot to take down othello and weave his elaborate web of destruction. Does anyone know exactly when in the play does Iago’s intense jealousy come into play? In the very 1st act scene one iago and roderigo are arguing in the streets and iago starts to rant about his hatred for Othello and how Othello passed him up over cassio for promotion to ancient.Iago had an enormous amount of battle experience, experience that Othello has witnessed firsthand â€Å"And I, of whom his eyes had seen the proof At Rhodes, at Cyprus, and on other grounds Christian and heathen, must be belee’d and calmed† while cassio has no battle experience and only knows the theory of leading men into battle, â€Å"I have already chose my officer. And what was he? Forsooth, a great arithmetician,One Michael Cassio, a Florentine(A fellow almo st damned in a fair wife)That never set a squadron in the field,Nor the division of a battle knows More than a spinster—unless the bookish theoric, Wherein the toged consuls can propose As masterly as he. Mere prattle without practice is all his soldiership.But he, sir, had th' election he has no clue how to put into practice this theory and is therefore unqualified according to iago. Later on in the play iago shows his jealousy of Othello because Othello is rumored to have slept with his wife toIago becomes jealous of cassio getting the promotion over him so he devises a plot to get revenge.

Patton-Fuller Network Design Project Essay

This project focuses on designing an integrated network for the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. The first section of the paper describes the characteristics and components of the current network as well as the standards that coincide with the project. Lastly, the paper also evaluates the current network topology. The hospital has a power backup unit designed to automatically use auxiliary power from a diesel generator. Each department also has its own uninterruptible power supply. The topographical network design shows that of a centralized design. This system has benefits with no need for an operating system stored locally. Thus improving the performance because the OS and user applications are already running on the servers, however it also increases the risk if the mainframe suddenly lost power it will affect all terminals. Distributed networks have much less risk of power outages because if one component in the network fails the others will still have functionality. On the other hand they require OS and software installed on individual computers which require additional hardware to store it, which can take more time to maintain and update. The network bridge is a critical component in this network that passes information locally throughout the network. Doctors can be authorized in a virtual private network (VPN) from a router linked to the remote access server (RAS) that permits them access to the servers from their home. For email functions the network has a Windows Exchange server running on an IBM x3250 series. Workstations in doctor’s offices and nurses have iMac clients on fiber cables. The senior managers in human resources, operations, and finance have virtual operating systems with both Mac OSX (Leopard) and Windows XP. The hospitals current network architecture comprises of a network bridge joining  the administrative and clinical areas. All administrative functions have lines contained in a trunk using Cat 6. The executive departments have Apple desktop systems with Wi-Fi cards installed. The hospital central mainframe is an IBM series Z9EC featuring a database storing patient records and with a fiber connection to a 10 terabyte NAS. Clinical departments have another trunk line on a single mode fiber optic line. (Virtual Organizations Portal, 2011) As part of HIPAA, which is meant to protect patient information in attempts of data breaches. This information is stored in encrypted data files using AES (advanced encryption standard). Access is permitted through identification and authentication of any user the requests this information. Standards are important in networking because all networking devices must have the same rules for communication to prevent a loss of data. Networks can have several levels of scope, local area networks (LAN) are a group of devices connected by Ethernet cables and are limited to the same building with a range of 300 feet. Wide area networks (WAN) are networks built in cities, usually for institutions. Wireless networks have the same scope as LANs do, but use radio signals as communication between a router or wireless modem and any number of wireless devices. A WLAN will require a wireless standard in typically 802.11n or ac. In the installation of a WAN an X.25 standard using a leased line will be adequate for a connection between other hospital locations. (International Business Machines [IBM], n.d.). Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) is a telephone network that utilizes the Internet to send voice signals. Unlike the public switched telephone networks that require extra hardware when placing calls in other countries, VoIP send data packets to the phone. Which is the same as how a webpage is loaded in a browser (Nunn, McGuire, & Crowe, 2009) In summary, this paper discussed characteristics and components in Patton-Fuller’s network and its topographical design. Finally, standards that are relevant to this project were analyzed. References International Business Machines. (n.d.). Wide area network standards: X.25 networks. Retrieved from http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_ibm_i_61/rzajt/rzajtx25con.htm Nunn, L., McGuire, B., & Crowe, B. (2009, Forth Quarter). Measuring the benefits of voice over internet protocol. The Review of Business Information

Literary Critique Essay

Literary Critique Essay Literary Critique Essay Synopsis: Literary critique is necessary when an author is handing a manuscript for publication. The critique is used to design marketing strategy and determine the target readership for the piece of work. In literature, critique of a book is necessary to determine the historical background of the work. This analysis, gives an insight into what influences a writer to create a piece. Through criticism, the message of writer is passed to readers. Book critique presents a summarized version of the writers work and aim of writing. Book criticism, follows a certain critiquing instrument in order to achieve a masterpiece criticism. This paper aims to use the literary critique instrument to analyze an excerpt of The Prince by Machiavelli. The paper will use the instrument to give a clear analysis of Machiavelli piece of work. The story is written during the Italian Renaissance period. Machiavelli was born in 1469, attended school to University level. He is reputed as an acute analyzer of institutions and personalities. He served in government in various diplomatic posts and other political assignments. The story is written right after the government he serves is overthrown. Machiavelli is forced into internal exile and later thrown in prison. The republican government overthrow made Machiavelli a victim of change. While in prison, he endures torture and after being released he retires to his farm. At this juncture, Machiavelli turns to literary pursuits; The Prince, is his first piece of literature. The political upheavals of the time influenced his literary work a lot. In The Prince, he seems to pass a political message to the rulers of the time. As aforementioned, the writer steeps his literary piece in the turbulent political times. His writing is bluntly honest, although, it contradicts with some of his works. The piece of work is composed in a reflective state of mind. He takes a critical view of himself and the world around him. He writes this work as an effort to gain his stature and standing in government. Most of his contemporaries in the overthrown government were quickly reabsorbed back to service, which motivates him to write The Prince, with the hope of presenting it to the ruler of the time. He was not successful in his attempt. The writer uses a very authoritative voice in his work. His critical and cynical view, presents him as an angry man. His imprisonment was based on false accusations, which may act as the reason he is angry. Personal response: Reading The Prince, one is impressed by Machiavelli’s use o direct person. He writes with a lot of occurrence of â€Å"I†. This allows the reader to feel he is part of the conversation. Reading the book makes one feel he is talking with and not being talked to by the author. The book gives a peek into the powerful mind of an insightful politician. He exhibits a blunt sense of honesty in an astonishing manner. The style of writing, as earlier noted, is quite authoritative, mixed and blended with a conversational tone. One might be repulsed by his view on power. Quite clearly, he refutes the moralistic approach to power and argues that a person with power should command. He clearly does not believe in goodness with power. He holds the view; one should be feared instead of being loved. In a moral society one finds this view to be out of sync and maybe evil. In conclusion, the book seems to reflect Machiavelli’s political ideology. He gives an overview of how a ruler should use his legitimate power. The work can be viewed as a political satire, because one can get the feeling the views expressed do not reflect the writer’s true political opinion.

The Tale of Despereaux by Kate DiCamillo - Book Review

The Tale of Despereaux by Kate DiCamillo - Book Review Summary of The Tale of Despereaux The Tale of Despereaux: Being the story of a mouse, a princess, some soup, and a spool of thread by Kate DiCamillo is an odd and engaging fairy tale. The hero, Despereaux Tilling, is a mouse with large ears. The Tale of Despereaux: has a lot in common with Grimms fairy tales and makes a terrific read aloud for younger children as well as an excellent book for middle grade readers, ages 8 to 12. Kate DiCamillo was awarded the prestigious John Newbery Medal for The Tale of Despereaux.   According to the American Library Association (ALA), the Newbery Medal is awarded annually to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children. How Kate DiCamillo Came to Write The Tale of Despereaux Being the story of a mouse, a princess, some soup, and a spool of thread, the subtitle of The Tale of Despereaux gives the reader a clue that this is not an ordinary book. It . What prompted Kate DiCamillo to write such a book? According to the author, My best friends son asked if I would write a story for him. Its about an unlikely hero, he said, with exceptionally large ears. When DiCamillo asked him, What happened to the hero, his response was, I dont know. Thats why I want you to write this story, so we can find out. The Story The result is a wildly entertaining novel with some important messages about being yourself and redemption. The characters include a very special mouse with an affinity for music, a princess named Pea, and Miggery Sow, a poorly treated, slow-witted serving girl. Since every tale needs a villain, even a sometimes sympathetic one, there is a rat named Roscuro to fill that role. This odd assortment of characters is drawn together because of their desire for something more, but it is Despereaux Tilling, the unlikely hero with large ears, who, along with the narrator, is the star of the show. As the narrator states, Reader, you must know that an interesting fate (sometimes involving rats, sometimes not) awaits almost everyone, man or mouse, who does not conform. The unnamed narrator adds wit, humor, and intelligence to the story, frequently speaking directly to the reader, asking questions, admonishing the reader, pointing out the consequences of certain actions, and sending the reader to the dictionary to look up unknown words. Indeed, her use of language is one of the gifts that Kate DiCamillo brings to the story, along with her imaginative storytelling, character development, and voice. It was interesting to me to see how Kate DiCamillo incorporated several of the central themes of her two previous books (Because of Winn-Dixie and The Tiger Rising) - parental abandonment and redemption - in The Tale of Despereaux. Parental abandonment comes in several forms in DiCamillos books: a parent leaving the family forever, a parent dying, or a parent withdrawing emotionally. Each of three main characters lacks parental support. Despereaux has always been different from his siblings; when his actions result in life-threatening punishment, his father does not defend him. Princess Peas mother died as a result of seeing a rat in her soup. As a result, her father has withdrawn and has decreed that soup may no long be served anywhere in his kingdom. Miggery Sow was sold into servitude by her father after her mother died. However, Despereauxs adventures change the lives of everyone, the adults as well as the children and the rat. These changes hinge on forgiveness and again emphasize a central theme: Every action, reader, no matter how small, has a consequence. I found this an extremely satisfying book, with lots of adventure, wit, and wisdom. My Recommendation The Tale of Despereaux was first published in 2003 by Candlewick Press in a hardcover edition, which is beautifully designed, with high-quality paper with torn edges (I am not sure what you call that, but it looks great). It is illustrated with strange and beguiling, dense pencil drawings by Timonthy Basil Ering. Each of the four books of the novel has a title page, with an intricate border by Ering. This is the first time that I have correctly predicted which book would win the Newbery Medal. I hope you and your children enjoy the book as much as I did. I highly recommend The Tale of Despereaux, both as an unusual fairy tale for 8-12 year olds to read and as a read aloud for families to share and younger children to also enjoy. With the coming of the movie version of The Tale of Despereaux in December 2008, came a number of movie tie-in books and a handsome special boxed edition of The Tale of Despereaux. In late 2015, a new paperback edition (ISBN: 9780763680893) of The Tale of Despereaux was released, with new cover art (pictured above). The book is also available as an audiobook and in several e-book formats. The Tale of Despereaux - Resources for Teachers The books publisher, Candlewick Press, has an excellent 20-page Teachers Guide you can download, with detailed activities, including questions, for each section of the book. The Multnomah County Library in Oregon has a helpful one-page The Tale of Despereaux Discussion Guide on its website.

Effect of Reducing the Production Defective Rugs Assignment

Effect of Reducing the Production Defective Rugs - Assignment Example Also, the president wondered whether the suggested program would have the desired effect of reducing the production of defective rugs. If each employee produced about 20 rugs per month, what statistical technique would you use to help answer these questions To answer these questions, we must create and analyze an appropriate statistical model. This model should give formalized and clear description of studied random processes with the most important factors and probabilistic parameters. First of all, it is necessary to note that the proposed policy has no effect on the quality of manufactured rugs. Indeed, a non-zero () probability of producing defective rugs is caused by the defects, which are due to factors beyond employees' control. Therefore, any stimulation of employees (receiving a citation, providing parties in the honor, getting a half day off, etc.) to make no defective rugs is ineffective because of an absence of real mechanisms for quality control by employees. Let's disclose this proposition. Let the probability of producing defective rug is formed by two additive probabilities, and: Here, the probability is caused by all factors beyond employees' control, e.g. malfunctions of automated equipment facilities. Another probability is caused by factors which can be controlled by employees, e.g. managing errors or keying mistakes when operating non-automatically.

Hebrews essay 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hebrews 3 - Essay Example Priesthood is relevant to a better covenant and a better relationship with God. Jesus brought forth a new covenant doing away with the old covenant. From doing so, Hebrews believe that they will have a stellar relationship with God by following Jesus & his new covenant (Douglas 48). The belief regarding Hebrews believing that following Jesus as the new covenant will lead to a better working relationship with God and fellow men. As such, it is only with probable cause that the author explains how such a faith in Jesus shows his authority and superiority. Upon believing in the new covenant, a Hebrew believes there is no need for the old covenant. Not only religion-wise but also custom wise where traditional practices in the old covenant like circumcision, various rituals, festivals & Sabbaths were refused hence spiritually held no merit. Christianity circumnavigates around the fact that Jesus is their true path to God. The title that Jesus holds as the high priest clothed with holiness, blamelessness, pure and holy constitutes the major requirements that a Christian needs. Notably so, Christians to accept Jesus and follow his ways shows his superiority as a leader & figurehead in the church (Douglas 48). Clergymen in the Old Testament had to create sin forfeit every day, displaying that the ultimate remedy had not arrived yet. The arrival of Jesus Christ was so efficient relevant to meeting the requirements of the church. The arrival of Jesus ensured that the church implemented policies that only glorified God and that idol worship was refused and rebuked. In order to fully implement this, Jesus gave instructions to the Levitical priests to offer sacrifices & offerings to God as a sign of worshiping him. As a sign of portraying the significance of offering sacrifices to God, Jesus offered himself as a sign of obedience to God & sacrificing himself for his people. He offered

Please write a thoughtful response to one or more of the readings Essay

Please write a thoughtful response to one or more of the readings - Essay Example When the swordfish started attacking and killing the people of Singapore, Sultan Padouka Sri Maharadja became utterly devastated and hopeless. He did not know how to stop the mysterious swordfish attack. His first response was to use his soldiers as barricades against the attacking swordfishes. But this strategy seems so inhumane. So a young boy suggested using banana trees as barricades. The sultan accepted the suggestion and it proved to be a wise decision. The swordfishes attacked the banana trunks, and because these trunks were solid the people were eventually protected from the swordfishes’ deadly attacks. Fortunately, the swordfishes were not merely stopped, but their long snouts were also stuck in the banana trunks. The numerous swordfishes that were caught provided food for the people. On the surface, the story seems to promote wisdom and cooperation. The swordfish attack was successfully halted due to a young boy’s wisdom and the people’s cooperation. However, the story has an underlying moral message: valuing nature and other creatures of the earth. Asians, especially ethnic groups, are environmentalists by heart. The story expresses resistance to irresponsible fishing. The angry swordfishes symbolize how nature would take revenge if people do not change their attitude toward other creatures of the planet. It shows that the damages we do to the environment will return to us tenfold; it could be even lethal. The young boy’s suggestion, on the other hand, symbolizes effective ways of taking care of the environment. Our concern for the environment will definitely pay off in the end, just like how the swordfishes became a constant food supply for the people of Singapore. The second story, Kancil and Sang Buwaya, is a fable about wisdom, or, more specifically, shrewdness. Kancil, a mouse deer, usually goes to the river to drink. However, Sang Buwaya, a crocodile, wants to eat Kancil. And so the poor mouse deer has to

The Many Ways To Be Polite

The Many Ways To Be Polite Politeness is the actions taken by a competent speaker in a community in order to attend to possible social or interpersonal disturbance. Politeness is something strange which can be seen in different forms and levels. What is polite and what not depends on where you grew up and what norms of politeness you acquired there ( Meyerhoff 2006: 81). In a conversation a speaker might say something that would be considered very rude by the listener, but that speaker might actually just trying to be polite. He was being polite according to the standards of where he grew up. So, politeness is expressed in different ways, in different places. In this essay, we will see the different forms and levels of politeness and how these forms attend to different social needs. Also we will look at examples of the different forms that requests and apologies can take. We will explore how useful is distinguishing between the politeness which is used between friends and with people that we are not very familiar with. Then we will briefly discuss about the frameworks of politeness that are used in a workplace interaction and intercultural communication. All these phenomenon of politeness will be discussed in this paper with consideration of Brown and Levinsons theory (1978) in order to illustrate how there is more than one way of being polite. According to Meyerhoff (2006) there are a number of different ways in which linguists can analyse politeness. The various approaches differ primarily in the emphasis placed on the speaker, the addressee or both, and the emphasis given to accounting for behavior that would be considered polite or behavior that would be considered impolite (p. 83). The most widely known and extensively used approach to the study of politeness is Brown and Levinsons theory which has the most dominant position in the field.People associate politeness just with ways of speaking that avoid causing offence by showing deference to another person. (Meyerhoff 2006: 84). Brown and Levinson (1978) state that deference would be inappropriate in any speech community, in some contexts. Comments that orient to in-group membership may be what starts an interaction and avoid causing offence. For example you do not always reply thank you so much when someone helps you, cheers or thanks works better. Extreme deference c ould be taken as ironic or snobbish. Now, before continuing in more depth with Brown and Levinsons theory, it is useful to refer to Grices Maxims (1975), a set of rules that people follow in communication to maintain participant harmony. Brown and Levinsons theory suggests that these four Grices principles for speaking in a cooperative way, were correct. These rules can be summed up as the Maxim of quality where a person should be truthful and sincere, the Maxim of quantity: a person must say no more or less than required, the Maxim of relevance: being relevant to that topic and the Maxim of manner: being perspicuous. All of which underpins and is underpinned by the idea that the people involved in a conversation will cooperate with each other (the cooperative principle). These four principles are not considered to be a theory of face but constitute a foundation for a theory of face, later developed by Brown and Levinson. (Adapted for Brown and Levinson 1978:95 ) The theory of Brown and Levinson suggests that there are two types of politeness. The negative politeness strategies which are the strategies that avoid offence by showing deference (e.g. Do you mind if I borrow it for a second?) and the positive politeness strategies are those that avoid offence by highlighting friendliness (e.g. You look fit and healthy-any chance you could help me push the car?). Also, considering a strategy to be polite or impolite depends on the attention that a speaker pays to his own face wants and the addressees face wants. The term face derives from the work of Goffman (1967). In Goffmans work, face was a personal attribute or quality that each of us works to protect or enhance. In Brown and Levinson the definition of face emphasises less that interpersonal and communal nature of the face wants. Face is the public self-image that every model person (MP) claims for him or herself. Brown and Levinson propose that we want to guard our face against possible dama ge when we interact with others. (Meyerhoff 2006: 84) Now, it is important to refer to the factors involved in choosing politeness strategies. Choosing what kinds of strategies would be polite or impolite in a situation depends on evaluating three main factors. Power, distance and weight (cost) of imposition were identified by Brown and Levinson. Power refers to the difference in status between participants in discourse, distance relates to the level of familiarity that exists between the speaker and the addressee, and weight of imposition relates to the extent to which one wishes to impose on another person. People often put more effort to be polite to people that their position have greater social power than we have. For example I will use more negative politeness strategies (more polite) to a government official processing a passport application than I will use (less polite) to a telemarketer who rings during dinner. This has to do with power because I want the government official to do me a favor and speed up my application as for the telemarketer, he needs something from me so I am the one with power. Also, the social distance between speakers has a huge effect on the way that they speak to each other. Generally, we give more attention to the negative face wants (more polite) of people we do not know very well and we are more abrupt to close friends. For example when you are cooking with a close friend you might say Youve got the butter instead of I think the butter is closer to you that it is to me so could you pass it to me. But, when working with someone that you are not very close you might ask in less direct way, showing more attention to their negative face wants, you might say something like Excuse me, are those the telephone accounts? Could I have them for a second? . The cost of imposition, according to Brown and Levinson meant how big the social infraction is. An example is when you ask someone for the time, which is considered as a situation with a minor imposition, you can a stranger in the road for the time and the politeness strategies pay little attention to face wants (Sorry do you have the time?). But, asking for money is greater imposition. You usually ask for money someone you are close to and if the amount is big you will probably ask someone who is even closer to you, like a very close friend. Under this framework there are three social variables which shape the way that people choose the politeness strategies they will use.Their attention to others positive and negative face wants will be determined by the relative power and social of the interactants and by the social lost of the imposition (Meyerhoff 2006: 88). These three factors are by no means independent. Earlier, I referred to the two types of politeness and the term face. Actually, there are two types of politeness because we are concerned with maintaining two distinct kinds of face, the negative and the positive face. The negative face is the want of every competent adult member of a community that their actions be unimpeded by others. The positive face is the want of every member that their wants be desirable to at least some others. (Brown and Levinson 1987:62 in Meyerhoff 2006: 85). Some societies orientate more towards deference and being attentive to negative face wants. In such societies it seems very rude to ignore the distance that might be between you and your addressee and talk as if you know her or him better than you do. A Language example is Forgive me, Ms Smith, I do apologise, but could I possibly intrude for a second. In this sentence the title Ms shows deference politeness and distance attending to negative face. Forgive me and I do apologise try to reduce the imposition of the request and attends to negative face. A further attempt to reduce the cost of imposition is could I, possibly and a second. In contrast, there are societies which orientate towards positive face. The interaction between strangers is expected to be more personable and friendly. In these societies it is rude to interact by emphasizing or drawing attention to the social distance between the interlocutors. Such a society is the Australians, where the use of first names is the norm even in professional contexts. A language example of such a society is a greeting to an old friend that you have not seen for some time e.g. Tapper! Its been ages. Youre looking good. Whatve you been doing nowadays?. In this greeting the use of ingroup code (the nickname Tapper), showing attention to the addressees interests (Whatve you been doing nowadays?) and exaggerating the speakers interest or approval (Youre looking good) are strategies that attend to the addressees positive face wants. Brown and Levinson suggest that some conversational events which represent a threat to another individuals self-image are described as inherently facethreating acts (FTAs). When such an event occurs it is sure that somebodys positive or negative face wants will be threatened, and the participants have to decide what politeness strategies they will use. Examples of FTAs are expressing thanks and making an apology, these are threats to the speakers face wants. Saying thanks establishes indebtedness to the other person. Making an apology is having to state publicly that you have done something stupid or unkind, this threatens your positive face wants as other people may not identify you and will be unwilling to suggest that they share your wants and desires. So depending on how serious an FTA is it will require more or less action to mitigate (or reduce) the potential damage to the addressees or the speakers face. (Meyerhoff 2006: 90). As I said in the introduction I will also briefly discuss about the frameworks of politeness which are used in intercultural communication. Peoples use of politeness varies in intercultural communication depending on where they come from and how their societies orientate towards politeness. An example of such differences is when making a request for a drink in a bar in English and doing the same in German. In English you usually use strategies to attend the addressees negative face wants. (Could I have a glass of red wine, please?). But, in German there is not such an attention to the servers negative face wants and it is appropriate to say I will get red wine. Sometimes a could or please may be added but using both will sound absurd and snooty. (Meyerhoff 2006: 97). Another example is how people refuse an invitation to a meal from a social superior. In some cultures a general answer like Im busy that night Im afraid will be perfectly acceptable but in western communities people want to give a reason for your refusal. (Holmes 2001: 275). This has to do with peoples negative and positive face wants. People from western communities are more concerned about their positive face, they want their wants to be desirable to at least some others and they do not like drawing attention to the social distance. In conclusion, indeed there is more than one way of being polite. As it is presented above, politeness has many forms and levels and can be used in different ways. Politeness is perceived differently depending on where you grew up and your social status so it can be also expressed differently. People use different strategies to express politeness in a conversation depending on who is the addressee, what is his social status and how close they are to him. According to Brown and Levinsons theory there are two basic strategies, the positive and the negative strategy. These two strategies exist because we are concerned to maintain two kinds of face, the negative and positive face. People have to evaluate three factors in order to decide what strategies they will use, power, distance and cost of the imposition.